Sustainable development

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11 Terms

1
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What are the stages of life cycle assesments?

  1. extracting and processing the raw materials

  2. manufacturing and packaging

  3. use

  4. disposal

2
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What are the disadvantages of lifecycle assesments?

  • we can measure the use of water and energy and production of waste products

  • we can’t be certain how damaging they are to the environment

  • so you have to make estimates

3
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What’s potable water

Water that is safe to drink

4
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What are the water sources for fresh water?

  • aquifers

  • lakes

  • rivers

  • reservoirs

5
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The steps to treat water

  1. Find source of water

  2. pass fresh water through filter beds to remove leaves and suspended particles

  3. sterilised by chlorine, ozone or ultraviolet light

6
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What is desalination?

reduces levels of dissolved minerals down to an acceptable level for potable water

7
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What are the 2 ways of desalination?

  • distillation and reverse osmosis

  • however they require lots of energy making them expensive

8
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What are the steps to sewage treatment?

  1. screened passing through a mesh removing solids and grit

  2. sewage settles in sedimentation tanks producing liquid effluent and sludge which sinks

  3. sludge is digested by anaerobic bacteria

  4. bacteria produce biogas which can be burned for electricity

  5. digested sludge can be used as fertilisers

9
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How can organic microorganims and organic molecules be reduced in liquid effluent?

  • air is bubbled through liquid so aerobic bacteria multilply

  • so aerobic bacteria digest organic molecules and harmful microorganisms

  • can be then discharged into rivers or the sea

10
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What are the steps in phytomining?

  • plants are grown on land containing metal compounds needed

  • plants absorb metal compound and concentrate it in thier tissue

  • plants are harvested and burned

  • the ash contains a high concentration of the metal compound

  • extraction of metal from the compound

11
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What are the steps in bioleaching?

  • uses bacteria

  • bacteria produces leachate

  • leachate contains metal compound

  • extraction of the metal from the compound