Brodmann’s Areas

Area 312

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

Location: Postcentral Gyrus (superior medial)

Function: Processes Somatic sensations

Lesion causes: Loss of tactile localization and conscious proprioception

Area 4

Primary motor cortex

Location: Precentral Gyrus

Function: Executes movement

Area 6

Premotor cortex/Supplementary Motor cortex

Location: Posterior to Frontal region(area 8)

Function: Preparing for voluntary movement

Area 9

Dorsolateral/Anterior prefrontal cortex

Function: Motor planning, organization, and regulation. Sustaining attention and working memory

Area 10

Anterior prefrontal cortex

Function: Memory retrieval, executive function. attends to sensory stimulation and use of language(fluency, competent sentences, syntax)

Area 5

Somatosensory association cortex(anterior to area 7, posterior to area 312)

Function: Processes sensory input from PNS

Lesion = Asterognosis

Area 7

Secondary somatosensory area(posterior to area 5)

Visuomotor coordination; executes movement

Lesion = astereognosis(unable to identify an object by sight)

Area 39

Anterior to occipital region, inferior to area 7(lateral side)

preparing for voluntary movement

Area 17

Primary visual Cortex (V1)

Function: Spatial information for vision

Area 18

Secondary Visual cortex (V2)

Function: processes visual information for further analysis

Area 19

V3, V4, V5 Associative visual cortex

Complex processing of visual information

What does a lesion in the primary visual cortex (V1) cause

Loss of vision on the same side in both eyes (will lose left side of visual field in both eyes); aka Homonymous hemianopia

Area 22

Primary auditory cortex/Superior temporal gyrus

Function: Verbal AND nonverbal communication

Areas 22, 39, 40

Wernicke’s area

Speech fluency, complete and sensical sentences

Lesion = word salad

Area 44, 45

Inferior frontal gyrus(Broca’s Area), usually left hemisphere only

Function: Speech praxis/Speech motor programming. put together the binding elements of language(emotional gestures, tone)

Lesion = Broca’s Aphasia if in left hemisphere. Difficulty producing nonverbal communication(lesion in right hemisphere)

Areas 11 and 12

Orbitofrontal area

Function: Receives sensory information about the sight of objects; reward value of taste

Areas 23, 24, 28, and 33

Cingulate gyrus, above corpus callosum

Involved in limbic system

Helps to regulate emotions and pain

Areas 13 & 16

Insular cortex (deep)

Sensory processing, decision-making, and motor control