States of matter and changes of state
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38 Terms
Define solid
Particles are closely packed in a fixed, regular arrangement; they vibrate around fixed positions and have low energy.
Define liquid
Particles are close together but randomly arranged; they move past each other and have medium energy.
Define gas
Particles are far apart and randomly arranged; they move rapidly in all directions and have high energy.
Define melting
The change from a solid to a liquid.
Define freezing
The change from a liquid to a solid.
Define evaporation
The change from a liquid to a gas at the surface.
Define boiling
The change from a liquid to a gas throughout the liquid.
Define condensation
The change from a gas to a liquid.
Define sublimation
The change directly from a solid to a gas.
Define deposition
The change directly from a gas to a solid.
Define physical change
A change in which no new substance is formed.
Define chemical change
A change in which one or more new substances are formed.
Define melting point
The temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid.
Define boiling point
The temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas.
Describe the arrangement of particles in a solid
Particles are closely packed in a fixed, regular arrangement.
Describe the movement of particles in a solid
Particles vibrate around fixed positions.
Describe the energy of particles in a solid
Particles have the lowest energy of the three states.
Describe the arrangement of particles in a liquid
Particles are close together but randomly arranged.
Describe the movement of particles in a liquid
Particles move or slide past each other.
Describe the energy of particles in a liquid
Particles have medium energy.
Describe the arrangement of particles in a gas
Particles are far apart and randomly arranged.
Describe the movement of particles in a gas
Particles move rapidly in all directions.
Describe the energy of particles in a gas
Particles have the highest energy of the three states.
What happens to particles when a substance is heated?
They gain energy and move faster.
What happens to particles when a substance is cooled?
They lose energy and move more slowly.
What happens to particles when a solid melts?
They gain energy, become less ordered and can move past each other.
What happens to particles when a liquid freezes?
They lose energy and become more ordered and fixed in position.
Are changes of state physical or chemical changes?
Physical changes.
Why are changes of state physical changes?
No new substance is formed.
What happens to particle energy when a substance changes from solid to liquid?
The particles gain energy.
What happens to particle energy when a substance changes from liquid to gas?
The particles gain energy.
What happens to particle energy when a gas condenses?
The particles lose energy.
What happens to particle energy when a liquid freezes?
The particles lose energy.
What state is a substance below its melting point?
Solid.
What state is a substance between its melting point and boiling point?
Liquid.
What state is a substance above its boiling point?
Gas.
How can you predict the state of a substance?
Compare its temperature with its melting point and boiling point.