Engineering Geology Concepts

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and definitions related to Engineering Geology.

Geology

The scientific study of the Earth, focusing on the rocks and soils that compose its crust.

Engineering

The practical application of scientific knowledge for human benefit, often emphasizing economical solutions.

Engineering Geology

The study of geology as it pertains to engineering projects, including design and construction.

Site Investigation

The process of assessing geological conditions at a site to inform engineering models and decisions.

Discontinuity

A weakness plane within rock mass that affects its physical and mechanical properties.

Homogeneous

Describes a body with uniform composition or character.

Heterogeneous

Describes a body with varied composition or character, opposite of homogeneous.

Anisotropy

A property of a material where its mechanical properties vary with direction.

Isotropy

A property of a material where its mechanical properties are the same in all directions.

Hydrogeology

The study of groundwater, including its movement, distribution, and quality.

Rock Mechanics

The study of the behavior of rocks under stress and the principles governing their stability.

Geomorphology

The study of landforms and the processes that shape them, crucial for engineering projects.

Rock Mass

A large volume of the Earth’s crust where the grains are cemented or interlocked.

Soil

Earth material whose grains are not cemented and can separate due to water interaction.

Intact Rock

Rock material without macro discontinuities, but potentially containing micro discontinuities.

Surface Rock Structure

Rock mass disturbed by engineering activities such as excavation.

Sub-surface Investigation

Methods used to determine the geological and mechanical properties below the surface.

Ground Model

A simplified representation of the geological conditions at a site for engineering purposes.

Mass Movements

Natural hazards that include landslides and earthflows, affecting engineering site safety.

State of Stress

The internal forces acting on a material due to applied loads, crucial for rock and soil stability.