BIO 2215 EXAM 3 KIDANE CSCC review this!

Phagocytes were first discovered and named by

D. Metchnikoff

Normal flora (microbiota)

E. are the organisms that typically reside in or on your body AND protect against infection by pathogens

All blood cells originate from the

D. hematopoietic stem cell.

Toll-like receptors

E. each recognize a specific "danger" molecule AND transmit a message to the cell's nucleus.

C3a and C5a are involved in

E. inflammation AND enhancement of phagocytosis.

C3b is involved in

A. opsonization

The four primary signs of inflammation are:

C. redness, heat, swelling, pain

Fever

E. inhibits bacterial growth AND speeds up the body's reactions.

Antibodies found bound on B-cells are

C. IgM.

Generally antigenic molecules have a molecular weight greater than

A. 10,000 Daltons.

A term synonymous with antibody is

D. immunoglobulin

Light and heavy chains of an antibody are bonded to one another by

A. disulfide bonds.

An IgG molecule has two

D. heavy chains, light chains AND antigen binding sites.

The Fc region on IgG

A. interacts with complement.

The most efficient antibody class at initiating the classical complement pathway is

C. IgM

How long after initiation of a primary immune response does a significant amount of antibody appear in the blood?

B. 10-14 days

Antigens may be processed for presentation by

D. macrophages AND dendritic cells.

Class II MHC molecules are found primarily on

D. macrophages AND dendritic cells.

Perforin is produced by

C. NK cells.

The composition of the normal flora may be affected by

E. All of the choices are correct.

Which of the following may be considered virulence factors?

E. All of the choices are correct.

Colonization of the body is inhibited by

E. All of the choices are correct.

The procedure developed by the Chinese to protect against smallpox was called

C. variolation.

The last case of naturally contracted smallpox occurred in Somalia in

C. 1977

When IgE antibodies bound to mast are cross-linked by an antigen, they cause

B. Release of chemical mediators

Herd immunity

B. occurs in a population in which a large percentage of the population is immune.

Which one of the following statements is true about the complement system

C. Activation of the classical complement system starts with C1qrs.

Attenuated vaccines

E. All of the choices are correct.

The Fc portion of an IgG antibody can bind to

A. Macrophages

The most common adjuvant is

C. alum.

The joining segment of Secretory IgA is called

A. J-chain

B-cells and T-cells recognize antigens by recognizing

B. Antigenic determinants

The two heavy chains of an antibody are bound to each other by

A. Disulfide bonds

Which of the following processes can be mediated by antibodies?

C. Both Phagocytosis & complement fixation

Which one of the following statements is true?

A. β-particles are ionizing radiations

Which of the following antibodies is involved in enhancing phagocytosis?

A. IgM

Exposure to the toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum causes?

C. Flaccid paralysis

Which one of the following is used to select for Candida species?

A. BIGGY agar

The medium used to observe complete hemolysis (beta hemolysis) is

The medium used to observe complete hemolysis (beta hemolysis) is

What is a CD4 molecule?

B. It is a receptor found in T helper cells

The following statements are true about Type-1 hypersensitivity except

C. It is always a systemic reaction

Macrophages are phagocytic cells that are capable of

A. processing and presenting antigens in association with class II MHC

The medium used to observe partial hemolysis (alfa hemolysis) is

C. Blood agar

In the lab you tested the effects of UV on Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Which organism(s) showed growth on plates irradiated with the covers (lids) on

C. Both Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis showed growth

In your osmotic pressure experiment, which one of the following bacteria can grow on a medium containing 5% and 10% NaCl.

A. Staphylococcus aureus

Which one of the following is not true of an inflammatory response?

A. It is a harmful and unnecessary response

T-cells involved in regulating other T-cells to stop an immune response are

C. Suppresser T cell

T helper cells recognize an antigen only if it is presented in association with

C. Class II MHC molecules

Which one of the following is not a bacterial virulence factor?

A. Hexokinase

Hydrogen peroxide is an antiseptic

A. True

Which one of the following is not a component of innate immunity?

D. Antibody

Which one of the following is a component of specific immunity?

Antibody

Normal flora (microbiota)

A. are organisms that typically reside in or on your body.

Complement

A. may be activated through three different pathways.

B. disrupts the cytoplasmic membrane of invading bacteria and foreign cells. C. is part of the nonspecific defense system.

E. all of the above are correct

E. all of the above are correct

A group of interacting serum proteins, that work in a cascade, and are involved in providing a nonspecific defense mechanism are collectively known as?

A. complement

Which of the following are most susceptible to complement lysis?

B. Gram-negative bacteria

The four primary signs of inflammation are

C. redness, heat, swelling, pain

Pyrogens are

A. fever-inducing substances

Which of the following statements is not correct about normal flora?

D. All of the above choices are not correct

In humans, stem cells from which all blood cells arise are found in the

D. bone marrow.

Which one of the following is a phagocytic cell found in the human body?

B. neutrophil

Cells that contain histamine are the?

D. basophils.

The leukocyte responsible for adaptive immunity is the?

A. lymphocyte.

Toll-like receptors?

E. each recognize a specific "danger" molecule and transmit a message to the cell's nucleus

The first host response to a nonspecific tissue injury is described as?

A. inflammation.

Molecules on an antigen to which antibodies are directed are?

A. antigenic determinants

Generally antigenic molecules have a molecular weight greater than?

A. 10,000 Daltons.

Which one of the following antibodies is a pentamer?

C. IgM

IgG molecule has?

D. heavy chains, light chains and antigen binding sites.

Ag-Ab binding may result in?

D. All of the choices are correct.

The only class of antibody that can cross the placenta is?

C. IgG

T cells and B cells are manufactured in?

A. bone marrow

Immune cells known as CD8 cells are

C. T-cytotoxic cells

Class II MHC molecules are found primarily on?

C. macrophages and dendritic cells.

Perforin is produced by?

C. NK cells

Cross-linking IgE antibodies bound to basophils or mast cause?

B. Histamine release and allergic reactions

Cross-linking IgE antibodies bound to basophils or mast result in

B. Allergic reactions

Cross-linking IgE antibodies bound to mast result in?

B. Histamine release and type I allergic reactions

The following statements are true about Type-1 hypersensitivity except?

A. It is an immediate adverse reaction in response to an allergen

B. Involves mast cells and basophils

C. It is always a systemic reaction

C. It is always a systemic reaction

The following statements are true about Type-1 hypersensitivity except?

A. It involves IgE antibodies

B. It involves mast cells and basophils C. It is T-cell mediated.

C. It is T-cell mediated.

The following statements are true about Type-1 hypersensitivity except?A. It involves IgE antibodies

B. It involves mast cells and basophils C. It is a delayed type hypersensitivity which occurs 3 to 4 days later

C. It is a delayed type hypersensitivity which occurs 3 to 4 days later

Macrophages are cells that act as?

A. house keepers and mop the mess created by an infection and other debris

ELISA is one of the most sensitive tests available

A. True

Indirect ELISA is more sensitive than the direct method

A. True

Anti-Rh antibody production resulting from transfusions of unmatched Rh is? ____hypersensitivity

A. Type II

Lysozyme does which of the following

a)Disrupts cell membranes

b) Hydrolyzes peptidoglycan

c) Waterproofs skin

d) Propels gastrointestinal contents

e) Propels the cilia of the respiratory tract

b) Hydrolyzes peptidoglycan

The hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow can develop into which of the following cell types? 1. Red blood cell 2. T cell 3. B cell 4. Monocyte 5. Macrophage

a) 2, 3

b) 2, 4

c) 2, 3, 4, 5

d) 1, 4, 5

e) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

e) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

All of the following refer to the same type of cell except

a) macrophage.

b) neutrophil.

c) poly.

d) PMN

a) macrophage.

Considering the role of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which of the following are they the least likely to detect?

a) Peptidoglycan

b) Glycolysis enzymes

c) Lipopolysaccharide

d) Flagellin

e) Certain nucleotide sequences"

b) Glycolysis enzymes

The direct/immediate action of interferon on a cell is to

a) interfere with the replication of the virus.

b) prevent the virus from entering the cell.

c) stimulate synthesis of inactive suicide enzymes.

d) stimulate the immune response

e) stop the cell from dividing"

c) stimulate synthesis of inactive suicide enzymes.

A pathogen that can avoid the complement component C3b would directly protect itself from

a) opsonization.

b) triggering inflammation.

c) lysis.

d) inducing interferon.

e) antibodies.

a) opsonization.

Which of the following statements about phagocytosis is false?

a) Phagocytes move toward an area of infection by chemotaxis.

b) Digestion of invaders occurs within a phagolysosome.

c) Phagocytes have receptors that recognize C3b bound to bacteria.

d) Phagocytes have receptors that recognize antibodies bound to bacteria.

e) Macrophages die after phagocytizing bacteria, but neutrophils regenerate their lysosomes and survive.

e) Macrophages die after phagocytizing bacteria, but neutrophils regenerate their lysosomes and survive.

If you are analyzing the cell types in a granuloma, which of the following are you least likely to find?

a) Neutrophils

b) Macrophages

c) Giant cells

d) T cells

a) Neutrophils

All of the following trigger an inflammatory response except

a) engagement of PRRs.

b) complement system activation.

c) interferon induction of antiviral protein synthesis.

d) tissue damage

c) interferon induction of antiviral protein synthesis.

Which of the following statements about inflammation is false?

a) Vasodilation results in leakage of blood components.

b) The process can damage host tissue.

c) Neutrophils are the first to migrate to a site of inflammation.

d) Apoptosis induces inflammation.

e) The signs of inflammation are redness, swelling, heat, and pain."

d) Apoptosis induces inflammation.

Which of the following specifically refers to an effector lymphocyte?

a) B cell

b) CD8 T cell

c) CD4 T cell

d) Plasma cell

d) Plasma cell

Which markers are found on all nucleated cells?

a) MHC class I molecules

b) MHC class II molecules

c) CD4

d) CD8

a) MHC class I molecules

Which of the following are examples of antigen-presenting cells (APCs)? 1. Macrophage 2. Neutrophil 3. B cell 4. T cell 5. Plasma cell

a) 1, 2

b) 1, 3

c) 2, 4

d) 3, 5

e) 1, 2, 3

b) 1, 3

Which is an appropriate response if an antigen is presented on MHC class II molecules?

a) An effector CD8 cell kills the presenting cell.

b) An effector CD4 cell kills the presenting cell.

c) An effector CD8 cell activates the presenting cell.

d) An effector CD4 cell activates the presenting cell

d) An effector CD4 cell activates the presenting cell

The variable regions of antibodies are located in the

1. Fc region. 2. Fab region. 3. light chain 4. heavy chain.5. light chain and heavy chain.

a) 1, 3

b) 1, 5

c) 2, 3

d) 2, 4

e) 2, 5

e) 2, 5