Section 5/ Final Review Anatomy Lecture

Describe hymen

Thin piece of tissue located at the opening of the vagina.

Describe episiotomy

Surgical incision to widen the vaginal opening during childbirth.

Describe ectopic pregnancy.

A pregnancy that implants outside of the uterine cavity

Describe tubal ligation.

• Also known as having your tubes tied.

• Type of permanent birth control. Known as female sterilization.

• Both tubes are blocked or cut.

• “Tubal” refers to the fallopian tube and “ligation” means tie off.

Describe hemorrhoids

A Hemorrhoid is a plexus of veins, arteries, and connective tissue. Its function is to cushion the wall of the rectum from the stool.

Hemorrhoids can happen inside or outside the rectum. The type depends on where the swollen vein develops.

Types of Hemorrhoids

External:

Internal:

Prolapsed:

External hemorrhoids

Swollen veins form underneath the skin around the anus. Your anus is the canal where feces comes out. External hemorrhoids can be itchy and painful. Occasionally, they bleed. Sometimes they fill with blood that can clot. This is not dangerous, but can result in pain and swelling.

Internal hemorrhoids

Swollen veins form inside the rectum. Your rectum is the part of the digestive system that connects the colon (large intestine) to the anus. Internal hemorrhoids may bleed, but they usually aren’t painful.

Prolapsed Hemorrhoids

Both internal and external hemorrhoids can prolapse, meaning they stretch and bulge outside of the anus. These hemorrhoids may bleed or cause pain

Describe hysterectomy

Surgical removal of uterus.

Typically, where does fertilization occur?

The ampulla of the fallopian tube

Describe Osgood-Schlatter’s injury.

Pain and swelling below the knee joint, where the patellar tendon attaches to the top of the tibia, a spot called the tibial tuberosity. There may also be inflammation of the patellar tendon, which stretches over the knee cap

Describe the ovarian ligament.

Fibrous ligament that connects the ovary to the lateral surface of the uterus

Longest muscle in the body

Sartorius

Which tendons may ossify in equestrians?

Adductor longus.

Borders of the femoral triangle (S.A.I.L)

S. Sartorius

A. Adductor longus

I.L- Inguinal Ligament

• Femoral artery, nerve, vein are found within the triangle

• Iliacus, psoas major, psoas minor- once they pass under the inguinal ligament they become the iliopsaos.

Describe the terrible triad.

• Common Knee injury

• “Terrible Triad” consists of MCL, ACL, Medial meniscus.

Adductor Hiatus

• Found in the adductor magnus

• Femoral artery, vein, and nerve go through the hiatus and become the popliteal behind the knee

The origin of what muscle is usually responsible for shin splints?

Anterior Tibialis

Where is the insertion of the adductor magnus?

The insertion of the adductor magus is on the adductor tubercle, which is located on the medial side and distal end of the femur.

Which muscles are known as the “backstraps” and “tenderloins?”

Backstraps:

• Spinalis, Longissimus, Iliocostalis.

Tenderloins:

• Psoas major and psoas minor.

What muscle group is used to flex your knee?

Hamstrings

Know what muscle inserts on the calcaneus

The triceps surae

Pleural effusion

a collection of fluid around your lungs

cardiac tamponade

pressure on your heart from too much blood and fluid in the sac around your heart

Structure that are made up of Meningeal Dura Mater

falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebelli, and diaphragma sellae

Femoral triangle borders

inguinal ligament superiorly, the adductor longus muscle medially, and the sartorius muscle laterally

Rotator cuff

1. Supraspinatus

2. Infraspinatus

3. Subscapularis

4. Teres minor

Know the cerebral arteries

Yellow: anterior Cerebral
Red: Middle Cerebral

Blue: Posterior Cerebral

What race maintains the metopic suture longer than other races

Caucasian and asian

Where do they attach a new kidney in a transplant?

Common iliac vein and artery