Lab Exam #2 (4-6)

Blood enters the heart from the .....

superior and inferior vena cava

blood empties into the ______ (from superior/inferior vena cava)

right atrium

Blood leaves the right atrium via

the tricuspid valve

Blood passes the tricuspid valve into the

right ventricle

When the heart beats, the ________ valves open up

pulmonary valves

After the pulmonary valves open up, blood enters into the

pulmonary artery

The pulmonary artery travels to ...

the lungs

Blood returns from the lungs to the heart via the

pulmonary veins

Blood enters the ________ _______ from the pulmonary veins

left atrium

From the left atrium, the _______ valve opens up

bicuspid (mitral) valve

The bicuspid valve transports blood to the ....

left ventricle

From the left ventricle, the blood passes through the ....

aortic semilunar valve

The aortic valve transports blood to the

aorta

The aorta then transports the blood ...

throughout the body

Pulmonary circuit consists of ....

superior and inferior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valves, pulmonary artery, lungs, and pulmonary veins.

Systemic circuit consists of ...

pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid (mitral) valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, and "body".

#1

Superior and Inferior Vena Cava

#2

Right atrium (heart diagram)

#3

Tricuspid Valve

#4

Right Ventricle

#5

Pulmonary Valves

#6

Pulmonary Artery

#7

Lungs

#8

Pulmonary Veins

#9

Left Atrium

#10

Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve

#11

Left Ventricle

#12

Aortic Valve

#13

Aorta

#14

Rest of body

Right ventricle (sheep)

Right atrium (sheep)

Left Ventricle (sheep)

Left atrium (sheep)

Bicuspid valve (sheep)

Chordae Tendineae (sheep)

Papillary Muscles (sheep)

Myocardium (sheep)

Apex of heart (sheep)

Auricle (sheep)

Normal Lung (microscope)

Trachea - cartilage rings (microscope)

Trachea - smooth muscle (microscope)

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium (microscope)

Emphysema Lung (microscope)

Artery (microscope)

Vein (microscope)

A

Pharynx

B

Larynx

C and G

Right and Left Lung

D

Trachea

E

Nasal Cavity and Sinuses

F

Oral Cavity

H

Carina of Trachea

I

Left Primary (Main) Bronchus

J

Bronchi

K

Alveoli

the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Respiration (definition)

aka 'breathing"; the act of inhaling / exhaling

Ventilation (definition)

inverse relationship between pressure and volume (when temp and # gas molecules are constant)

Boyle's Law

amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under RESTING conditions

Tidal volume definition

Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) (definition)

maximum amount of air that can be inspired

inspiratory Capacity (IC) (definition)

volume of air that can be inspired beyond normal resting inspiration

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) (definition)

maximum volume of air that can be expired in a single breath following maximum inspiration

Vital Capacity (VC) (definition)

measurement of force applied to artery walls

Blood Pressure (definition)

Blood Pressure is measured with a

Sphygmomanometer and stethoscope

First sound heard

systolic pressure

Last sound heard

diastolic pressure

M.A.P means

Mean Arterial Pressure

Pulse Pressure equation

systolic pressure - diastolic pressure

MAP Equation

diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure

Increased MAP (>110) can lead to

increases in cardiovascular diseases and strokes

Decreased MAP (<60) can lead to

organs not receiving enough O2 to function properly

P wave (definition)

atrial depolarization and atria contract

QRS Complex (definition)

ventricular depolarization; atria (relax)

T wave (definition)

ventricular repolarization

the pacemaker

Sinus / sinoatrial (SA) node aka

Function of SA node

sets the pace of the heart

Atrioventricular node has a few millisecond pause between

P and Q wave (so ventricles/atria can fill)

Function of Purkinje Fibers

contracts ventricles

Pulse Oximetry measures

the oxygen saturation levels (%SpO2) and pulse rate

PERRLA stands for

Pupils are Equal, Round, Reactive to Light and Accommodation

Nociceptive pain (definition)

detectable pain being caused by the body being harmed

Examples of nociceptive pain

bruises, burns, fractures, etc.

Neuropathic pain (defintion)

pain caused by damage to the nervous system

Examples of neuropathic pain

diabetic neuropathy and multiple sclerosis (MS)