Biology: Cells and Cell Theory

Flashcards covering key concepts related to cells and their functions in biology.

Cells

The basic building blocks of life that make up all living organisms.

Prokaryotic cells

Cells without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles; typically smaller and simpler, such as bacteria.

Eukaryotic cells

Complex cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; found in protists, fungi, plants, and animals.

Cell theory

A fundamental theory in biology stating that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Nucleus

The membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's DNA and regulates gene expression.

Ribosomes

Cell structures that synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA.

Mitochondria

Organelles that produce energy through respiration and regulate cellular metabolism.

Chloroplasts

Organelles found in plant cells that conduct photosynthesis by converting sunlight into chemical energy.

Vacuoles

Storage organelles that hold various compounds and helps maintain cell turgor in plant cells.

Lysosomes

Membrane-bound organelles that contain enzymes for digesting waste materials and cellular debris.

Endoplasmic reticulum

An organelle that synthesizes proteins (rough ER) and lipids (smooth ER).

Cell wall

A rigid layer found in plant cells that provides support and protection.

Cytoplasm

The jelly-like substance within the cell membrane that contains organelles and cell components.