Interpersonal Relationships

True

True or false: Fewer people are marrying than ever before

Half

Only ___ of adults in the US are presently married

Why are people waiting longer to marry?

Money, responsibility, commitment, less of an expectation

Half

About ____ of all marriages end in divorce

Why do marriages end in divorce nowadays?

Not the intention, easier to get divorced

Second shift

When women come home from a job and then they have to make dinner or care for their kids

Attachment styles

Learned orientations toward relationships with others

Secure attachment style

Trusting and relaxed

Anxious ambivalent attachment style

Nervous and clingy

Avoidant attachment style

Suspicious and with drawn

60%

Only about ____ of us are secure and trusting in our romantic relationships

Close relationships

Attachment styles are learned through our experiences in ________

overlap substantially

The actual interests, styles, and abilities of men and women ________

much greater

Variation with each sex is _____ than any difference between the sexes

Gender roles

The patterns of bx that are culturally expected of men and women

Knowledge, interdependence, caring, responsiveness, mutuality, commitment

Components of intimacy

Knowledge

Component of intimacy; intimate partners have extensive personal and often confidential info about each other

Interdependence

Component of intimacy; intimate partners have strong, diverse, and enduring influence on each other

Caring

Component of intimacy; intimate partners feel more affection for one another than they do for most others

Trust

Component of intimacy; intimate partners expect treatment from one another that is fair, honorable, and benevolent

Responsiveness

Component of intimacy; intimate partners are more attentive to each others needs and they support each other more effectively than they do most others

Mutuality

Component of intimacy; intimate partners think of themselves as a couple instead of as two entirely separate indiviuduals

Commitment

Component of intimacy; intimate partners expect their relationship to continue, and they work to realize that goal

Women spend a lot more time and biological effort than men in each child they produce

What is a reproductive dilemma for women?

Men may face doubts about whether or not a particular child is theirs

What is a reproductive dilemma for men?

Convenience sample

Anyone who is readily available

Volunteer bias, easy

What is a drawback and benefit of a convenience sample?

Representative sample

Represents entire population

Correlational research

Observe relation between two variables

To predict

What is the goal of correlational research?

Positive correlation

When both events more in the same direction whether it is increasing or decreasing; both events could move upwards or both events could move downwards

Negative correlation

When the events move in opposite directions

Experimental research

Investigator manipulates one variable to see the effect on another variable

Independent variable

Variable that is manipulated (types of treatment)

Dependent variable

Variable that is measured in response to manipulation of IV (symptoms of depression)

Self reports

This is when you ask people about their feelings and bx often through questionnaires or interviews

Social desirability bias

This is when people may be reluctant to report anything that makes them look bad; drawback of self reports

Understanding peoples personal POVs

What is a benefit to self reports?

Observation

This is when you watch the bx directly; benefit is that observer is highly trained and watching is highly detailed

Reactivity

When people might change their bx because they know they are being observed; drawback of observation

Role of proximity

We tend to like those who work and live near us; rewarding and distance is costly

Stereotype about physical attractiveness

We assume that physically attractive people also have other desirable traits

Evolutionary perspective on physical attractiveness

1. Standards of who is attractive is much the same around the world

2. Babies are born with preferences for the same faces that we find attractive as adults

3. People with symmetrical, attractive faces tend to enjoy good physical and mental health

Reactance theory

States that when people lose their freedom, they strive to regain it; we may want someone more if we are threated with losing him or her