Laboratory Techniques and Concepts

Flashcards covering key concepts and vocabulary related to laboratory techniques, density, gas laws, chemical equilibrium, and titration methods.

Density

Mass per unit volume; how tightly the atoms/molecules are packed together.

Specific gravity

Measurement of a substance's density in comparison to the density of water, with no units.

Intensive property

A property independent of the amount of substance, such as density.

Extensive property

A property dependent on the amount of substance.

Qualitative analysis

Finding out what compounds or elements are present in a substance.

Quantitative analysis

Finding out the amount of a particular compound or element present.

Equivalence point

The volume at which the conductivity of a solution reaches a minimum during a titration.

Ideal gas law

The equation of state for a gas, written as PV = nRT.

Hess's Law

If a reaction is carried out in a series of steps, the total enthalpy change is the sum of the changes for each step.

Specific heat

The amount of heat required to change the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.

Beer’s Law

A relation that states that the absorbance (A) is equal to the product of molar absorptivity (ε), path length (b), and concentration (C).

Back titration

A method where an excess of titrant is added, and the leftover is titrated with another reagent.

Freezing point depression

The phenomenon in which the freezing point of a solution is lower than that of the pure solvent.

Molality

The number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

Molarity

The number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

Equilibrium position

The state in which the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant over time.