HS 201 quiz 2

Photosynthesis, Respiration, Reproduction, Absorption, Translocation, Transpiration

PRRATT

CO2 and H20

input of photosynthesis

Glucose and oxygen

output for photosynthesis

respiration

opposite of photosynthesis

evapotranspiration

water moved through translocation from roots to shoots

Jan Ingenhousz

Dutch scientist who discovered photosynthesis

Auxin

plant hormone that causes cell division, promotes growth, accumulation of this hormone on shaded side of plant for enlongation

phototrophism

stem growth

geotrophism

root growth

Gibberellic Acid

this hormone promotes cell division, breaks seed dormancy, promotes flowering/germination

Cytokinin

this hormone causes cell division, delays aging and death

Ethylene

gaseous hormone, induces ripening, droop(epinasty) and droop(abscission)

Abscisic Acid 

this hormone induces dormancy, prevents germination, reduces drought stress

Tony Avent

scientist who held 66,000 plant trials, discovered 1,440 new plant species/variations/cultivars

Light, temperature, water

key conditions for plant growth

footcandles

how is light traditionally measured

50-200fc

how many footcandles do low light plants need

red and blue light waves

what color light waves are necessary for photosynthesis

green and yellow

what color lights are reflected 

photoperiodism

plants flower in response to length of light/darkness

phototrophism

movement of plants in relation to light

50-85 degrees F

prime temperature for plant growth

hardiness

how tough a plant is to the avg coldest temp

dormancy

stage where the plant is rest/growing very little

microclimate

greenhouse or a valley = exmaple of

stratification

cold period before germination

vernalization

cold period that makes a plant bloom

DIF or DIP

differential in temperature to reduce size of plant

soil

particles of rock, organic rock, water, n air

O, A, B, C, R

profile of the layer of soil

soil texture

water holding capacity, aeration, drainage rate, compaction potential, erosion potential, infiltration, and nutrient retention

sand, clay, silt

3 types of soil

ped

particle group

granular, prismatic, massive, platy, blocky

Classes of soil structure

Granular

most common soil structure class

cover crops, adding organic matter

techniques to improve soil quality

working when wet, leaving soil exposed, heavy machinery

malpractices for soil quality

Biochar, compost, mulch = all organic matter

soil amendments

bulk density

pore space, better if it is lower than high

soil water

water available to plants

gravitational water

macropores, not available to plants

field capacity

amount of water remaining in soil after a few days

permanent wilting point

point of wilt where plant cannot recover

media

anything you can grow plants in

John Bartram

Quaker from Philadelphia, first botanist

plant nutrition

needs of a plant and how plant uses basic chemical elements

fertilizer

elements supplied to soil as amendments

C, H,O

essential elements supplied by water+air

N, P, K

primary macronutrients

Ca, Mg, S

secondary macronutrients

5.5 - 7

best pH to make nutrients available to plants

natural fertilizer

fertilizer made of mined minerals, not living, release nutrients at a slow rate, improve soil structure

synthetic fertilizer

fertilizer made from industrial processes, easy forms of application, cheaper, easy to overapply

Gladys Tantaquidgeon

Mohegan herbalist, first native american woman to attend ivy league college