Biology midterm

Which of the following statements about the properties of life is false?

Which of the following statements about the properties of life is false?

All organisms have the ability to maintain a constant internal temperature.

Life is organized in a hierarchical fashion. Which of the following sequences correctly lists that hierarchy from least inclusive to most inclusive?

atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

What is the difference between a tissue and an organ system?

All living things are composed of cells, and a group of cells form tissues. These tissues combine to form organs, and the organs form an organ system. The tissues perform simpler tasks, whereas the organs perform the complex functions of the body.

The tree in your backyard is home to two cardinals, a colony of ants, a wasp's nest, two squirrels, and millions of bacteria. Together, all of these organisms represent

a community

If you eat a hamburger, you are mainly eating ground-up beef muscle. What levels of organization are represented in this ground-up muscle?

organelle, cell and tissue

Which of the following statements regarding a common cellular activity is false?

new cells are derived from cellular components like organelles

Your instructor asks you to look into your microscope to see a prokaryotic cell. You will be looking for a cell that

has a membrane

Organisms that are prokaryotes are in the domains

Bacteria and Archaea

Which of the following statements about the domain Bacteria is true?

All bacteria lack a nucleus

Which of the following is a kingdom within the domain Eukarya?

Fungi

Plantae, Animalia, Fungi and Protista.

You notice that over the past month, many students on campus have started wearing a new style of school sweatshirt. You think to yourself that perhaps the bookstore has recently started selling this new sweatshirt style. This prediction is an example of

a hypothesis

To be scientifically valid, a hypothesis must be

testable and falsifiable

The role of a control in an experiment is to

baseline, rules out the independent variable

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) set up a study to determine whether large doses of vitamin C would shorten the length of time it takes to recover from a cold. Three thousand volunteers were split into two groups. For two weeks, members of Group A took 3,000 mg of vitamin C daily. Group B received 3,000 mg of a placebo. At the end of the two-week period, the researchers inserted live cold viruses directly into the noses of all the volunteers. The volunteers in both Group A and B continued to take their daily pills. All the volunteers got colds, and there was no significant difference in the length of time the colds lasted. Which was the experimental group?

Group A

To have confidence that the results of the experiment were valid, you'd also want to know

whether any volunteers had colds (were sick) at the start of the experiment.

The four most common elements in living organisms are

hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon

Which of the following statements regarding matter is false?

All matter exists in the form of compounds

Which of the following particles is found in the nucleus of an atom?

protons and neutrons

Electrons move about the nucleus of an atom in the same way that

insects fly around a bright lamp at night

An uncharged atom of boron has an atomic number of 5 and an atomic mass of 11. How many electrons does boron have?

5 electrons

Which of the following best describes the atomic number of an atom?

number of protons in an atom

When full, the innermost electron shell of argon contains ________ electrons, and the outermost shell contains ________ electrons.

2 on the inner and 8 on the outer

A(n) ________ forms when two atoms share electrons.

covalent bond

A hydrogen atom has one electron. How many covalent bonds can hydrogen form?

1 covalent bond

Table salt is formed when

sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) have an ionic bond to make NaCl, table salt

What is the fundamental difference between covalent and ionic bonding?

Ionic bonding is giving/taking electrons to atoms and then ions are created which are bonded together. covalent bonding is the sharing of electrons between atoms

Which of the following statements regarding the oxygen atom of a water molecule is true?

oxygen is more electronegative than the hydrogen atoms

In a water molecule, hydrogen and oxygen are held together by a(n) ________ bond.

polar covalent bonds

The hydrogen atoms of a water molecule are bonded to the oxygen atom by ________ bonds, whereas neighboring water molecules are held together by ________ bonds.

polar covalent, hydrogen

________ are weak bonds that are not strong enough to hold atoms together to form molecules but are strong enough to form bonds within and around large molecules.

hydrogen bonds

Water molecules stick to other water molecules because

hydrogen bonds form between the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule and the oxygen atoms of other water molecules

The tendency of water molecules to stick together is referred to as

cohesion

Water's surface tension and heat storage capacity is accounted for by its

hydrogen bonds

Which of the following statements about water is false?

ice is denser than liquid water

A solution with a pH of 7 is

neutral

Compared to a solution of pH 3, a solution of pH 1 is

100 times more acidic

Which of the following statements about pH is true?

An increase in hydrogen ion concentration means a decrease in pH scale units or vice versa

A pharmaceutical company hires a chemist to analyze the purity of the water being used in its drug preparations. If the water is pure, the chemist would expect to find

H2O molecules, H+ ions, and OH- ions.

You've made a hot drink by dissolving a teaspoon of instant coffee and a teaspoon of sugar in a cup of hot water. Which of the following statements is true?

you've just prepared an aqueous solution

As ice melts,

Hydrogen bonds are broken and the resulting liquid is more dense

organic compounds

always contain carbon

Which of the following statements regarding carbon is false?

carbon has the ability to bond with up to 6 atoms

Which of the following statements about hydrocarbons is false?

Hydrocarbons are inorganic compounds.

Propanol and isopropanol are isomers. This means that they have

same structure and formula, different function and properties

Which of the following is a carboxyl group?

COOH

Which of the following is an amino group?

NH2 (2 is a subscript)

Which of the following statements about the functional groups of organic compounds is false?

All functional groups contain a carbon atom

Which of the following contains a carboxyl and an amino group?

amino acid

Which of the following statements about the monomers and polymers found in living organisms is false?

monomers are joined together by the process of hydrolysis

Which of the following statements about dehydration synthesis is false?

Animal digestive systems utilize this process to break down food and large macromolecules

The results of dehydration synthesis can be reversed by

hydrolysis (adding water)

Which of the following is a carbonyl group?

CO

Which of the following is a hydroxyl group?

OH

Which of the following is a methyl group?

CH3

Which of the following is a phosphate group?

PO4

The molecular formula of most monosaccharides represents a multiple of

CH2O

A molecule with the formula C55H110O55 is probably a(n)

polysaccharides

Many names for sugars end in the suffix

-ose

A disaccharide forms when

2 monosaccharides join by dehydration synthesis

Which of the following lists contains only polysaccharides?

cellulose, starch, glycogen

Foods that are high in fiber are most likely derived from

plants

The storage form of carbohydrates is ________ in animals and ________ in plants.

glycogen in animals and starch in plants

An oil may be converted into a substance that is solid at room temperature by

Adding more hydrogen(hydrogenation)

What features of fats make them hydrophobic?

A long hydrocarbon hydrophobic chain

Fatty acids are...

Which of the following statements regarding triglyceride molecules is false?

Triglycerides are hydrophilic.

Fatty acids with double bonds between some of their carbons are said to be

unsaturated

Which of the following statements about animal cell lipids is false?

many lipids function as enzymes

A phospholipid is composed of

two fatty acids, a glycerol unit and a phosphate group

hydrophilic phosphate head and two hydrophobic fatty acid tails

A major type of lipid found in cell membranes is

phospholipids

Amino acids can be distinguished from one another by?

Chemical properties of the R-group

Proteins differ from one another because

specific amino acid sequence

Glucose molecules are to starch as ________ are to proteins.

amino acids

peptide bonds

link amino acids

Which of the following statements about enzymes is false?

monomers to build build proteins

Which one of the following would be correctly classified as a protein?

enzymes

Which of the following characteristics of protein will remain intact if the protein is denatured?

amino acid sequence

Proteins cannot be denatured by

freezing

The primary structure of a protein is

amino acid sequence

Which of the following is an example of secondary structure in a protein?

beta pleated sheet or alpha helix

The tertiary structure of a polypeptide refers to

3D shape

A protein containing more than one polypeptide chain exhibits the ________ level of protein structure.

Quaternary structure

How are genes used by cells to build proteins?

DNA to RNA to Proteins

Which of the following statements regarding nucleotides is false?

Lipid

You work for a company that manufactures food products. A new "wonder food" is being distributed by a rival company. The researchers in your company determine that the "wonder food" contains only carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. At this point, your researchers can say with certainty that the food

does not include proteins or nucleic acids

Which of the following statements about cells is true?

All cells have internal structures that move.

Light microscopes

use light and glass lenses to magnify an image.

Resolution is the

ability of an optical instrument to show two close objects as separate

Which of the following statements about electron microscopes is true?

Electron microscopes focus electron beams to create a magnified image of an object.

The idea that all living things are composed of cells and that all cells come from other cells defines

Cell theory

A scanning electron microscope is used to study _, whereas a transmission electron microscope is used to study _.

cell surfaces; internal cell structures

Which of the following structures is exclusively associated with prokaryotic cells?

nucleoid

The nucleoid region of a prokaryotic cell

contains the cell's DNA.

Unlike animal cells, plant cells have ________ and _. Unlike plant cells, animal cells have _.

chloroplasts; cell walls; centrioles

You are told that the cells on a microscope slide are plant, animal, or bacterial. You look at them through a microscope and see cell walls and membrane-bound organelles. You conclude correctly that the cells

Are plant cells

The two main functions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum are the production of

membrane and proteins secreted by the cell.

The Golgi apparatus

stores, modifies, and packages proteins.

Which of the following statements about lysosomes is false?

Lysosomes synthesize proteins from the recycled amino acids.