Equilibrium

Dynamic Equilibrium

A state in which the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the backward reaction in a reversible process.

Le Chatelier’s Principle

States that if a system at equilibrium experiences a change in conditions, the equilibrium will shift to counteract the change.

Forward Reaction

The reaction in which reactants are transformed into products.

Backward Reaction

The reaction in which products are transformed back into reactants.

Closed System

A system that is sealed off from its surroundings, preventing matter from entering or leaving.

Equilibrium Shift to the Right

Occurs when more products are produced in a reversible reaction.

Equilibrium Shift to the Left

Occurs when more reactants are produced in a reversible reaction.

Constant Concentration

In dynamic equilibrium, the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant.

Reversible Reaction

A chemical reaction where products can react to form the original reactants.

Example of dynamic equilibrium

The reaction CH3COOH + HOCH3 ⇌ CH3COOCH3 + H2O.

Changes Affecting Equilibrium

Changes in concentration, temperature, volume, or pressure can shift the position of equilibrium.