Studied by 6 people
Dr. Ghosh - Fall 2023
what longitudinal arteries run the length of the spinal cord?
anterior spinal and posterior spinal
anterior spinal artery
arises in a Y-shaped configuration from two vertebral arteries and descends along the ventral surface of the cord
posterior spinal arteries
arise from the vertebral arteries OR the posterior inferior cerebellar arteries (PICA) and run along the dorsal surface of the cord
what happens below the cervical cord level?
spinal cord also receives blood through radicular arteries
six longitudinal veins in the spinal cord
anterior spinal, posterior spinal, anteriolateral spinal, posteriolateral spinal, anterior radicular, and posterior radicular
occlusion of the anterior spinal artery in thoracic segment
leads to acute thoracic cord syndrome with paraplegia, incontinence, and loss of pain and temperature sensation
what major arteries supply blood to the brain?
internal carotid artery and vertebral artery
where are the internal carotid arteries
anterior portion of the brain and are the posterior branches from the common carotid arteries
pathway of internal carotid arteries
enter the base of the skull through the carotid canal and then enter the cranial vault through through the foramen lacerum
what does the internal carotid artery split into?
first: hypophysial arteries
second: middle and anterior cerebral arteries
what do the hypophysial arteries branch into?
anterior and posterior hypophysial arteries
what does the anterior hypophysial artery give rise to? for what?
hypophysial portal veins to convey hormones from hypothalamus to pituitary gland
what does the posterior hypophysial artery supply?
neural lobe of pituitary gland
ophthalmic artery
passes through the optic foramen into the orbit and supplies the eyes, paranasal sinuses, and parts of the nose
posterior communicating artery
arises from the internal carotid artery close to the terminal bifurcation and runs backwards to join the posterior cerebral artery
occlusion of internal carotid artery
leads to ipsilateral blindness due to the damage of the ophthalmic artery and loss of vision from half of the visual field on the contralateral eye
middle cerebral artery
larger than anterior cerebral and supplies the lateral surface of frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes
what areas, specifically, does the middle cerebral artery supply?
primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, primary somatosensory, and brocha’s area
what does the left middle cerebral artery supply?
all the cortical areas concerned with language
occlusion of middle cerebral artery
leads to contralateral paralysis in lower part of face and in the arm, contralateral general somatosensory deficits, and global aphasia (if the dominant hemisphere is occluded)
anterior cerebral artery
smaller, terminal branch of the internal carotid artery and the two branches almost meet at the midline
what does the anterior communicating artery join together?
the two anterior cerebral artery branches
recurrent artery of heubner
supplies corpus striatum and basal ganglia and is a proximal (to the communicating) branch of the anterior cerebral artery
what artery is impaired if individuals have symptoms of Parkinson’s after a stroke?
anterior cerebral (recurrent of huebner)
what artery does the anterior cerebral continue into on the upper surface?
pericallosal and callosomarginal arteries
occlusion of anterior cerebral artery
causes paralysis, sensory deficits in the contralateral leg and perineum, and urinary incontinence
why is urinary incontinence an effect of occlusion in the anterior cerebral a.?
inadequate perineal sensation and defective control of the PF musculature
what are vertebral arteries a branch of?
subclavian arteries
how do vertebral arteries travel?
ascend through the transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae and enter the skull through the foramen magnum
basilar artery
the joining of the left and right vertebral arteries at the caudal border of the pons
branches of the vertebral artery
anterior spinal, posterior spinal, and posterior inferior spinal arteries
anterior spinal artery
formation: (1) formed by branches from each vertebral artery
supply: blood to all of the gray matter and anterior white matter
posterior spinal artery
formation: one on each side and rises on each side as a branch of the vertebral or posterior inferior cerebellar arteries
supply: lateral and posterior white column of spinal cord
posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
formation: largest branch of vertebral
supply: inferior aspect of cerebellum
branches of basilar artery
anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA), labyrinthine, pontine, superior cerebellar, and posterior cerebellar arteries
anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
supplies to the anterior and inferior surface of the cerebellum
labyrinthine artery
formation: branch of either the basilar or AICA and passes through the internal acoustic meatus
supply: membranous labyrinth of the internal ear
pontine arteries
formation: rise from the basilar artery along its length
supply: basal part of pons, including corticospinal fibers, pontine nuclei, and middle cerebellar peduncle
superior cerebellar artery
formation: arises close to terminal bifurcation of the basilar artery
supply: pons, superior cerebellar peduncle, and inferior colliculus
posterior cerebral artery
formation: (2) are the terminal branches of basilar
supply: occipital lobe and inferiomedial aspect of temporal lobe
occlusion of basilar artery
leads to coma, loss of control of respiration center, vestibular dysfunction (Vertigo), and deaf
circle of willis
pattern formed when the vertebral and internal carotid sources of blood join at the base of the brain
components of circle of willis
anterior communicating, anterior cerebral, short segment of internal carotids, posterior communicating, and posterior cerebral
function of circle of willis
provide an alternative route of blood supply if one of the arteries is occluded
