Chapter 4-5 Assessment-DBQ

French and Indian War

• Great Britain and France rivals in North America 

• Dispute over Ohio River Valley

• Ended in 1763 with the Treaty of Paris

• France lost land to:

  • Ohio River valley went to Britain

  • Louisiana Territory and New Orleans went to Spain

• Americans moving into Ohio river valley and fought with Natives→ proclamation of 1763

• High taxes imposed on colonists

Proclamation of 1763

• Restricted colonists movement west of the Appalachian Mts. and the purpose was to reserve land for the Natives to avoid future conflict

• To enforce the Proclamation King George kept British soldiers in the colonies

Sugar Act

Parliament desiring revenue from its North American colonies, passed the first law specifically aimed at raising colonial money for the Crown. The act increased duties on non-British goods shipped to the colonies

• Salutary Neglect

• 1774

Currency Act

This act prohibited American colonies from issuing their own currency, angering many American colonists (1774)

Quartering Act

The British further angered American colonists by requiring the colonies to provide barracks and supplies to British troops

• 1765 but revised later under Coercive acts in 1774)

Stamp Act

Parliament’s first direct tax on the American colonies, this act, like those passed in 1764, was enacted to raise money for Britain. It taxed newspapers, almanacs, pamphlets, broadsides, legal documents, dice, and playing cards. Issued by Britain, the stamps were affixed to documents or packages to show that the tax had been paid

• 1765

Declaratory Act

• 1766-1767

• the repeal of the stamp act came in March of 1768 due to all the protests

  • Didn’t mean Britain was surrendering any control

• States that Parliament could make laws binding the American colonies “in all cases whatsoever

Townshend Acts

• 1766-1767

• Passed in order to help pay expenses involved in governing the colonies

• Tax on glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea

Boston Massacre

• 1770

• Conflicts between citizens and soldiers in Boston

• Soldiers opened fired at an unfriendly crowd

  • 3 americans killed and 2 fatally wounded

• Violent uprising avoided because the troops withdrew to the islands in the harbor

• Soldiers tried for murder

  • Convicted of lesser crimes

    • John adams their principle lawyer

Committees of Correspondence

longstanding institutions that became a communications system during the early years of the American revolutions (1772-1776)

• Towns, counties, and colonies throughout North America had their own committees of correspondence

Tea Act

reducing the tax on imported British tea, this act gave british merchants an unfair advantage in selling their tea in America. American colonists condemned the act, and many planned to boycott tea

Boston tea party

when British tea ships arrived in Boston harbor, many citizens wanted the tea back to England without the payment of all taxes. On Dec 16, a group of men disguised as Natives boarded the ships and dumped all the tea into the harbor

Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts)

passed in response to the Boston Tea Party to punish massachusetts:

• Boston Port Bill: banned loading or unloading of any ships in Boston Harbor

• The Administration of Justice Act: offered protection to royal officials in MA, allowing them to transfer England all court cases against them involving riot suppression or revenue collection

• The Massachusetts Government Act: put the election of most government officials under the control of the Crown, essentially eliminating the Massachusetts charter of government

First Continental Congress

• Twelve of the thirteen colonies sent a total of 56 delegates to the 1st continental congress

  • Georgia not represented (fear of jeopardizing British assistance)

• Accomplishment: Association of 1774 → urged all colonists to avoid using British goods, and to form committees to enforce this ban

Lexington and Concord

• Paul Revere announced arrival of British in MA with others

  • 70 minutemen waiting for redcoats

  • “Shot heard around the world”

• Unknown who shot first; 8 minute men killed 10 wounded; 1 british officer injured

• 3 redcoats and 2 patriots killed as they continued toward Concord 

• As British returned back to Boston , minutemen fired at them from behind the brush

Second Continental Congress

• Colonies met in response to battle

  • Except for Georgia—they were at war with Native tribes and did not war to jeopardize British assistance at the time

• John Adams, Sam Adams, and Richard Henry Lee spoke in behalf of FULL independence 

• John Dickinson led moderates

  • Pushed for moderate reforms and ties to British

  • Colonies were split