Anomie/Strain Theory and Social Processes

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture notes on Anomie/Strain Theory, social processes that lead to crime, and techniques of neutralization.

What does Anomie/Strain Theory propose about societal norms?

It suggests that in every society, there are culturally defined goals and that an integrated society maintains a balance between social structure (approved means) and culture (approved goals).

What is the 'American Dream' as defined in the context of Merton's Strain Theory?

The 'American Dream' refers to the societal emphasis on achieving success, primarily defined by monetary success.

What are Merton's five adaptations to strain?

1. Conformist - accepts both goals and means. 2. Innovator - accepts goals but rejects means. 3. Rebel - rejects both goals and means. 4. Retreatist - gives up on goals and means. 5. Ritualist - rejects goals but accepts means.

What is the key principle of Edwin Sutherland's Differential Association theory?

Criminal behavior is learned through interactions with others, and the key principle is that individuals will engage in crime when they have an excess of definitions favorable to violating the law.

How does Self-Control Theory relate to crime and deviance?

Self-Control Theory posits that high levels of self-control lead to a lower likelihood of engaging in criminal acts, while low self-control increases the likelihood of criminal behavior when opportunities arise.

What are the three keys of parental management according to Self-Control Theory?

1. Monitor the child. 2. Identify criminal or deviant behavior. 3. Punish criminal or deviant behavior.

What are the five techniques of neutralization according to Gresham Sykes and David Matza?

1. Denial of responsibility. 2. Denial of injury. 3. Denial of the victim. 4. Condemnation of the condemners. 5. Appeal to higher loyalties.

What happens in 'Drift Theory' according to the lecture notes?

Drift Theory suggests that individuals may drift in and out of criminal behavior depending on the strength of social controls and their circumstances.