Maternal & Child Health Nursing — Review Flashcards

A comprehensive set of practice questions based on the lecture notes, covering maternal & child health nursing goals, SDGs, pregnancy signs, menstrual cycle, anatomy, hormones, placental development, fetal milestones, and related concepts.

What is the Primary Goal of Maternal & Child Health Nursing?

Promotion and maintenance of optimal family health.

Name the four Phases of Health Care used in Maternal & Child Health Nursing.

Health Promotion; Health Maintenance; Health Restoration; Health Rehabilitation.

Which frameworks form the MCN care framework?

Nursing Process; Nursing Theories; QSEN competencies and Research; and the Four Phases of Health Care.

What does QSEN stand for?

Quality and Safety Education for Nurses.

List the six QSEN competencies relevant to MCN.

Patient-Centered Care; Teamwork & Collaboration; Evidence-Based Practice; Quality Improvement; Safety; Informatics.

What are the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)?

Global health goals established by the UN/WHO in 2000 and reviewed every 10 years.

What new objective was added in 2010 for prelicensure nursing programs?

Core content on counseling for health promotion and disease prevention must be included in 100% of programs.

How should a Maternal & Child Nurse view the family in care?

As a unit of care; the family is a partner in planning, implementing, and evaluating care.

Which SDG corresponds to ending poverty?

Goal 1: No Poverty.

Which SDG corresponds to ending hunger and achieving food security?

Goal 2: Zero Hunger.

Which SDG concerns Good Health and Well-being for all ages?

Goal 3: Good Health and Well-being.

Which SDG concerns Quality Education?

Goal 4: Quality Education.

Which SDG concerns Gender Equality?

Goal 5: Gender Equality.

Which SDG concerns Clean Water and Sanitation?

Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation.

Which SDG concerns Affordable and Clean Energy?

Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy.

Which SDG concerns Decent Work and Economic Growth?

Goal 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth.

Which SDG concerns Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure?

Goal 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure.

Which SDG concerns Reduced Inequality?

Goal 10: Reduced Inequality.

Which SDG concerns Sustainable Cities and Communities?

Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities.

Which SDG concerns Responsible Consumption and Production?

Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production.

Which SDG concerns Climate Action?

Goal 13: Climate Action.

Which SDG concerns Life Below Water?

Goal 14: Life Below Water.

Which SDG concerns Life on Land?

Goal 15: Life on Land.

Which SDG concerns Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions?

Goal 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions.

Which SDG concerns Partnerships for the Goals?

Goal 17: Partnerships for the Goals.

What are presumptive signs of pregnancy?

Amenorrhea; Fatigue; Nausea & Vomiting; Breast changes; Urinary frequency; Darkening of face, breast and abdomen; Quickening.

What are probable signs of pregnancy?

Uterine changes (Chadwick’s, Goodell’s, Hegar’s signs); Ballottement; Pregnancy tests; Braxton Hicks; Enlarged uterus.

What are positive signs of pregnancy?

Fetal heartbeat; Fetal movements; Visualization of the fetus by ultrasound; Fetal outline or skeleton detectable by imaging.

What are the four phases of the menstrual cycle?

Proliferative (Estrogenic/Follicular); Secretory (Luteal/Premenstrual); Ischemic (Premenstrual); Menses.

What are the major components of the menstrual flow?

Blood; Mucin; Fragments of endometrial tissue; Unfertilized ovum.

What is the average length and flow of the menstrual cycle?

Average length: 28 days; flow: 2–7 days; normal color: dark red; average volume: 30–80 ml.

What is ovulation?

Expulsion of an ovum from the ovary, usually around day 14 in a 28-day cycle, due to rupture of a mature Graafian follicle.

What is capacitation in fertilization?

Physiologic removal of the acrosome that enables the sperm to penetrate the zona pellucida.

What is the zona pellucida?

Protective covering of the ovum that sperm must penetrate; becomes impenetrable after fertilization.

What is the external female genitalia collectively called?

Vulva (pudenda).

What are the major external female genitalia structures listed in the notes?

Mons Pubis; Labia Majora; Labia Minora; Clitoris; Vestibule; Fourchette; Hymen.

What is the function of the vagina?

Organ of copulation; passage for delivery and menstrual blood; secretory duct during menstruation.

Name the parts of the uterus and their primary roles.

Corpus (body) – main contractile portion; Fundus – uppermost part; Isthmus – connects to cervix; Cervix – main opening; supports through ligaments.

Name the uterine ligaments.

Broad ligaments; Round ligaments; Uterosacral ligaments; Transverse (Cardinal) ligaments.

Name the main male reproductive structures mentioned.

Testes; Epididymis; Vas Deferens; Ejaculatory Duct; Seminal vesicles; Prostate; Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) gland; Penis; Scrotum.

What are the major constituents of semen?

Sperm; Fructose; Clotting and anticoagulant factors; Prostaglandins; Spermine.

What hormones are involved in milk production and milk ejection?

Prolactin stimulates milk production; Oxytocin stimulates milk ejection.

What hormones does the placenta produce and what are their roles?

hCG maintains the corpus luteum; Estrogen (estriol) promotes mammary development and uterine growth; Progesterone maintains the endometrium and reduces uterine contractions; Human Placental Lactogen (hPL) supports fetal growth and maternal metabolism.

What is the Decidua?

Thickened, hormonally influenced endometrium that continues to grow and support early placental function after implantation.

What is the amniotic fluid and its functions?

A protective fluid that cushions the fetus, regulates temperature, allows movement, and cushions the umbilical cord.

What are the stages of fetal development and the primary terms for three periods?

Preembryonic; Embryonic; Fetal.

Which fetal circulation shunts bypass the liver, lungs, and fetal heart?

Ductus Venosus (bypass liver); Ductus Arteriosus (bypass lungs); Foramen Ovale (bypass fetal lungs by atrial shunt).

What is lightening in pregnancy?

Descent of the presenting part into the pelvis, often felt in late pregnancy, especially by first-time mothers.

What is Couvade syndrome?

A condition where the partner of a pregnant woman experiences pregnancy-like symptoms or distress.

What is chloasma and linea nigra?

Chloasma (melasma) – facial hyperpigmentation; Linea nigra – dark line on the abdomen.

End of 8th gestational week: what key milestone occurs?

Organogenesis is complete; heart has septum and valves; external genitalia present but not yet distinguishable by appearance.

End of 12th gestational week: what milestone occurs?

Heartbeat audible by Doppler; sex may be distinguishable by ultrasound; length ~7–8 cm; weight ~45 g.

End of 24th gestational week (second trimester) what milestone occurs?

Alveoli and surfactant production begin; eyelids reopen; antibodies begin passive transfer; fetus may respond to sounds.

End of 40th gestational week: fetal status?

Term: length ~48–52 cm; weight ~3000 g; vernix fully formed; lungs mature; fetal movement active.