2.1.3 DNA replication

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8 Terms

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Semi-conservative replication

A process in DNA replication where each new DNA molecule contains one strand from the original DNA molecule and one newly synthesized strand.

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Mutation

A change in the sequence of nucleotides in DNA, which can lead to alterations in the amino acid sequence of proteins.

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DNA polymerase

An enzyme responsible for forming phosphodiester bonds between adjacent DNA nucleotides during DNA replication.

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DNA helicase

An enzyme that unzips the DNA double helix by breaking hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs.

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Meselson and Stahl experiment

An experiment that demonstrated DNA replication occurs via semi-conservative replication by using isotopes of nitrogen to track the replication process.

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Gyrase

An enzyme that unwinds the DNA helix during DNA replication.

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Okazaki fragments

Short, newly synthesized DNA fragments formed on the lagging strand during DNA replication.

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DNA ligase

An enzyme that joins Okazaki fragments by forming phosphodiester bonds to complete the new DNA strand.