HUMAN ANATOMY - MD1 (BONE, JOINTS, AND LIGAMENTS OF UPPER LIMBS)

REFERENCE: TRANSES

THIS CONSIST OF THE CLAVICLE AND THE SCAPULA

PERCTORAL/SHOULDER GIRDLE

THIS ATTACHES THE UPPER EXTRIMITY TO THE TRUNK

PECTORAL/SHOULDER GIRDLE

TRUE OR FALSE. PERCTORAL GIRDLES DO NOT QUITE ENCIRCLE THE BODY COMPLETELY

TRUE

THIS ARTICULATES WITH THE MANUBRIUM AND FIRST RIB AT THE STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINT

MEDIAL END OF EACH CLAVICLE

LATERALLY, THE CLAVICLE JOINS TOGETHER WITH THE ____, WHICH IS A FREE FLOATING BONE (HOWEVER IS DOES NOT CONNECT WITH THE AXIAL SKELETON)

SCAPULAE

THE FUNCTIONS ARE AS FOLLOWS:

ALLOWS THE LIMB TO HAVE A WIDE RANGE OF MOTION

ATTACH THE UPPER LIMB TO THE AXIAL SKELETON IN A MANNER THAT ALLOWS FOR WIDE RANGE OF MOTION

PROVIDES ATTACHMENT FOR MANY MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE UPPER LIMB

PECTORAL GIRDLE

THIS IS THE ONLY BONE IN THE PECTORAL GIRDLE THAT ARTICULATES WITH THE AXIAL SKELETON

CLAVICLE

TRUE OR FALSE. THE PECTORAL GIRDLE IS VERY LIGHT AND THE UPPER LIMBS ARE MOBILE; SOCKET OF THE SHOULDER JOINT (GLENOID CAVITY) IS DEEP

FALSE (SHALLOW)

THIS IS KNOWN AS THE SHOULDER JOINT, IT IS A SHALLOW JOINT TO ALLOW A WIDE RANGE OF MOTION BUT IS RELATIVELY UNSTABLE JOINT

GLENOID CAVITY

WHICH CAVITY IN THE UPPER EXTREMITIY IS “GOOD FOR FLEXIBILITY, BAD FOR STABILITY” SINCE IT MIGHT PERFORM A WIDE RANGE OF MOTION BUT SINCE UNSTABLE IS VERY PRONE TO DISLOCATION

GLENOID CAVITY

THIS IS ALSO KNOWN AS THE COLLAR BONE

CLAVICLE

SLENDER, DOUBLE-CURVED LONG BONES LYING ACROSS THE SUPERIOR THORAX

CLAVICLE

THE MEDIAL ENDS OF THE CLAVICLE CONNECTS WITH THE?

STERNUM (MANUBRIUM)

THIS CONNECTS WITH THE SHOULDER JOINT ITSELF OR THE GLENOHUMERAL JOINT

ACROMION

THIS IS A VERY NARROW BONE IN THE UPPER EXTREMITIY; THIS HAS ALSO NO MEDULLARY CAVITY

CLAVICLE

THIS IS THE FIRST TO OSSIFY IN THE FETUS AT AROUND 5TH-6TH WEEK

CLAVICLE

THIS DEVELOPS IN MEMBRANE AND NOT IN CARTILAGE REGARDLESS OF ITS STRUCTURE AS A LONG BONE

CLAVICLE

DUE TO ITS RELATIVELY SUBCUTANEOUS POSITION, THIS BONE IS VERY VISIBLE AND PALPABLE

CLAVICLE

THIS IS THE MOST COMMONLY FRACTURED LONG BONE IN THE BODY

CLAVICLE

THE STERNAL END OF THE CLAVICLE ARTICULATES WITH THE MANUBRIUM TO FORM THE?

STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINT

THE ACROMIAL END OF THE CLAVICLE ARTICULATES WITH THE SCAPULA TO FORM THE?

ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT

THE FUNCTIONS ARE AS FOLLOWS:

PROVIDE ATTACHMENT FOR MUSCLES

HOLD THE SCAPULAE AND ARMS LATERALLY

TRANSMIT COMPRESSION FORCES FROM THE UPPER LIMBS TO THE AXIAL SKELETON

PROVIDES PROTECTION IN THE UNDERLYING NEUROVASCULAR STRUCTURES SUCH AS BRACIAL PLEXUS THAT SUPPLIES THE UPPER LIMB

CLAVICLE

LATERAL 1/3 OF THE CLAVICLE SERVES AS AN ANATOMICAL LANDMARK FOR THE TWO MAJOR SHOULDER AND NECK MUSCLES ATTACH RIGHT NEXT TO EACH OTHER, THESE MUSCLES ARE TERMED AS?

DELTOID MUSCLES AND TRAPEZIUS MUSCLE

THIS IS IMPORTANT IN SUSPENDING THE SCAPULA AND STABILIZING THE SHOULDER

CORACOCLAVICULAR LIGAMENT

THE CORACOCAVICULAR LIGAMENT IS MADE UP OF TWO SMALLER PARTS WHICH ARE THE?

CONOID AND TRAPEZOID LIGAMENTS

A LIGAMENT THAT INSERTS TO CONOID TUBERCLE

CONOID LIGAMENT

A LIGAMENT THAT INSERTS TRAPEZOID LINE

TRAPEZOID

WHAT ARE THE MUSCLES IN THE MEDIAL 2/3 OF THE CLAVICLE?

STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID MUSCLE, PECTORALIS MAJOR, SUBCLAVIUS MUSCLE

WHAT ARE THE LIGAMENTS IN THE MEDIAL 2/3 OF THE CLAVICLE?

COSTOCLAVICULAR LIGAMENT AND STERNOCLAVICULAR LIGAMENT

TRUE OR FALSE. FRACTURE IN THE CLAVICLE MAY BE SEEN IN A NEWBORN FOLLOWING A DIFFICULT DELIVERY

TRUE

MOST OF THE FRACTURES IN CLAVICLE OCCURRED AT THE?

MIDDLE THIRD

AFTER A FRACTURE OF THE CLAVICLE, THIS MUSCLE WILL ELEVATE THE MEDIAL FRAGMENT OF BONE

STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID MUSCLE

WHEN THERE IS A FRACTURE IN THE CLAVICLE, THIS MUSCLE IS UNABLE TO ADEQUATELY STABILIZE THE LATERAL FRAGMENT UP OWING TO THE WEIGHT OF THE UPPER LIMB, HENCE THE DISTAL END IS PULLED DOWN BECAUSE OF THE WEIGHT OF THE LIMBS

TRAPEZIUS MUSCLE

WHEN THERE IS A FRACTURE IN THE CLAVICLE, THE LATERAL FRAGMENT OF THE CLAVICLE MAY BE PULLED MEDIALLY BY THE ADDUCTOR MUSCLES OF THE ARM, SUCH AS THE ______, CAUSING SHORTENING OF THE CLAVICLE

OVERRIDING OF THE BONE FRAGMENTS SHORTENS THE CLAVICLE

PECTORALIS MAJOR

THIS IS ALSO KNOWN AS THE SHOULDER BLADE

SCAPULA

THESE ARE TRIANGULAR, FLAT BONES LYING ON THE DORSAL OR POSTERIOR SURFACE OF THE RIB CAGE

SCAPULA

THE SCAPULA IS LOCATED IN BETWEEN WHAT RIBS

RIBS 2-7

WHAT ARE THE THREE BORDERS OF THE SCAPULA?

SUPERIOR BORDER, MEDIAL (VENTRAL) BORDER, AND LATERAL (AXILLARY) BORDER

WHAT ARE THE THREE ANGLES OF THE SCAPULA?

LATERAL, SUPERIOR, INFERIOR ANGLE

THE SCAPULA HAS TWO SURFACES WHICH ARE?

COSTAL (ANTERIOR) AND DORSAL (POSTERIOR)

SURFACE OF THE SCAPULA NEAR THE RIBCAGE

COSTAL (ANTERIOR)

SURFACE OF THE SCAPULA THAT HAS THE SPINE OF THE SCAPULA

DORSAL (POSTERIOR)

THIS IS WHERE THE HEAD OF HUMERUS ARTICULATES WITH GLENOHUMERAL JOINT

GLENOID FOSSA

BORDERS OF THE SCAPULA THAT IS THIN AND SHARP AND IS THE SHORTEST OF THE THREE

SUPERIOR BORDER

BORDER THAT RUNS FROM THE SUPERIOR ANGLE TOWARDS THE ROOT OF CORACOID PROCESS

SUPERIOR BORDER

BORDER THAT IS INTERRUPTED BY THE SUPRASCAPULAR NOTCH; TRANSMITS THE SUPRASCAPULAR NERVE AND THE SUPRASCAPULAR ARTERY RUNS ABOVE IT

SUPERIOR BORDER

THIS IS THE LONGEST OF ALL 3 SCAPULAR BORDERS

VERTEBRAL (MEDIAL) BORDER

THIS STRETCHES FROM THE SUPERIOR ANGLE ABOVE TO THE INFERIOR ANGLE BELOW

MEDIAL BORDER

FOR THE INSERTION OF THE MUSCLE THAT SPAN IN SPINOUS PROCESS GOING TO SCAPULA ARE?

LEVATOR SCAPULAE, RHOMBOID MINOR MUSCLE, RHOMBOID MAJOR MUSCLE

THIS IS MUCH STOUTER THAN EITHER OF THE OTHER BORDERS; IT EXTENDS FROM THE LATERAL ANGLE ABOVE TO THE INFERIOR ANGLE BELOW

AXILLARY (LATERAL) BORDER

THE UPPER INCH OF THIS BORDER IS ROUGH AND TUBERCULAR, AND AFFORDS ATTACHMENT TO THE LONG HEAD OF THE TRICEPS

AXILLARY (LATERAL) BORDER

ANGLE OF THE SCAPULA THAT IS SHARP AND MORE OR LESS RECTANGULAR

SUPERIOR ANGLE

ANGLE OF THE SCAPULA THAT IS BLUNTER AND MORE ACUTE

INFERIOR ANGLE

ANGLE OF THE SCAPULA THAT CORRESPONDS TO THAT PART OF THE BONE WHICH SUPPORTS THE GLENOID CAVITY AND THE CORACOID PROCESS

LATERAL ANGLE

THIS IS SLIGHTLY CONCAVE FROM ABOVE DOWNWARDS AND FROM SIDE TO SIDE

GLENOID CAVITY (FOSSA)

THIS IS NOT DEEP AND AFFORDS ATTACHMENT TO THE GLENOID LABRUM (AREA OF CARTILAGE), WHICH HELPS TO DEEPEN THE SOCKET IN WHICH THE HEAD OF THE HUMERUS ARTICULATES WITH (GLENOHUMERAL JOINT)

GLENOID CAVITY (FOSSA)

THIS CROSSES THE DORSAL SURFACE OF THE BODY OBLIQUELY IN A DIRECTION LATERALLY AND SLIGHTLY UPWARDS

SPINE OF SCAPULA

THIS EXTENDS FROM THE VERTEBRAL BORDER TOWARDS THE CENTER OF THE POSTERIOR GLENOID EDGE

SPINE OF SCAPULA

SPINE OF SCAPULA DIVIDED THE DORSAL SURFACE INTO 2 PARTS WHICH ARE?

SUPRASPINOUS FOSSA (& MUSCLE) AND INFRASPINOUS FOSSA (& MUSCLE)

THIS IS THE UPPER PART OF THE DORSAL SURFACE OF THE SPINE OF SCAPULA

SUPRASPINOUS FOSSA (& MUSCLES)

THIS IS THE LOWER PART OF THE DORSAL SURFACE OF THE SPINE OF SCAPULA

INFRASPINOUS FOSSA (& MUSCLE)

THE COSTAL ASPECT OF THE BODY OF THE SCAPULA IS HOLLOW FROM ABOVE DOWNWARDS AND FROM SIDE TO SIDE AND KNOWN AS THE?

SUBSCAPULAR FOSSA

THIS ORIGINATES FROM THE FLOOR OF THE SUBSCAPULAR FOSSA

SUBSCAPULARIS MUSCLE

LARGE/PROMINENT, SOMEWHAT TRIANGULAR OR OBLONG PROCESS THAT IS A CONTINUATION OF THE SPINE OF SCAPULA

ACROMION

THIS HOOKS OVER ANTERIORLY AND ARTICULATES WITH THE CLAVICLE TO FORM THE ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT

ACROMION

SMALL HOOK-LIKE STRUCTURE ON THE LATERAL EDGE OF THE SUPERIOR ANTERIOR PORTION OF THE SCAPULA

CORACOID PROCESS

THIS POINTS LATERALLY FORWARD, IT, TOGETHER WITH THE ACROMION, SERVES TO STABILIZE THE SHOULDER JOINT

CORACOID PROCESS

TRUE OR FALSE. FUNCTIONAL DEFECTS IN ANY OF THE JOINTS IMPAIR THE MOVEMENTS OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE

TRUE

THESE MOVEMENT MUST BE CONSIDERED WHEN TESTING FOR THE RANGE OF MOTION OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE

SCAPULOTHORACIC AND GLENOHUMERAL

WHAT ARE THE FOUR JOINTS THAT MAKE UP THE SHOULDER

GLENOHUMORAL JOINT, ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT, STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINT, SCAPULOTHORACIC JOINT

THIS IS THE MAIN SHOULDER JOINT

GLENOHUMERAL JOINT

THIS IS FORMED WHERE THE BALL OF THE HUMERUS FITS INTO A SHALLOW SOCKET ON THE SCAPULA CALLED THE GLENOID

GLENOHUMERAL JOINT

THIS IS WHERE CLAVICLE MEETS THE ACROMION (SCAPULA)

ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT

THIS SUPPORTS THE CONNECTION OF THE ARMS AND SHOULDERS TO THE MAIN SKELETON ON THE FRONT OF THE CHEST

STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINT

THIS IS THE CONNECTION OF GIRDLE AND MANUBRIUM

STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINT

THIS HELPS THE SHOULDER BLADE TO GLIDE AGAINST THE THORAX ((THE RIB CAGE)

SCAPULOTHORACIC JOINT

THIS REQUIRES THAT THE MUSCLES SURROUNDING THE SHOULDER BLADE WORK TOGETHER TO KEEP THE SOCKET LINED UP DURING SHOULDER MOVEMENTS

SCAPULOTHORACIC JOINT

BALL AND SOCKET JOINT IN WHICH STABILITY IS SACRIFICED TO OBTAIN GREATER FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT

GLENOHUMERAL JOINT

THIS IS WHERE THE HEAD OF THE HUMERUS (1/3 OF A SPHERE) ARTICULATES WITH SHALLOW GLENOID FOSSA OF THE SCAPULA

GLENOHUMERAL JOINT

THIS IS A THIN AND LOOSE MUSCLE TENDONS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO JOINT STABILITY

ARTICULAR CAPSULE

THE RANGE OF MOTION OF SHOULDER EXTENSION IS UP TO?

0-50

THE RANGE OF MOTION OF SHOULDER FLEXION IS?

0-90

THE RANGE OF MOTION OF SHOULDER LATERAL ROTATION

0-90

THE RANGE OF MOTION OF SHOULDER MEDIAL ROTATION

0-90

THE RANGE OF MOTION OF SHOULDER ABDUCTION

0-180

THE RANGE OF MOTION OF SHOULDER ADDUCTION

180-0

THIS BODY PART CAN ABDUCT, ADDUCT, ROTATE, BE RAISED IN FRONT OF AND BEHIND THE TORSO, AND MOVE THROUGH A FULL 360 DEGREES IN THE SAGITTAL PLANE

SHOULDER

TRUE OR FALSE. THE TREMENDOUS RANGE OF MOTION OF THE SHOULDER MAKES IT EXTREMELY UNSTABLE, AND FAR MORE PRONE TO DISLOCATION AND INJURY THAN OTHER JOINTS

TRUE

WHAT ARE THE POSSIBLE TREATMMENTS FOR A SHOULDER DISLOCATION?

HIPPOCRATIC, STIMSON, TRACTION/COUNTERACTION, SLING AND SWATHE

THIS IS THE JOINT AT THE TOP OF THE SHOULDER

ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT

A PLANE TYPE OF SYNOVIAL JOINT, WHICH IS LOCATED 2-3CM FROM THE POINT OF THE SHOULDER FORMED BY THE LATERAL PART OF THE ACROMION

ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT

THE FUNCTION OF THIS JOINT IS TO ALLOW THE ABILITY TO RAISE THE ARM ABOVE THE HEAD

ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT

THE FUNCTION OF THIS JOINT IS TO ACT AS A PIVOT POINT ACTING LIKE A STRUT TO HELP WITH MOVEMENT OF THE SCAPULA RESULTING IN A GREATER DEGREE OF ARM ROTATION

ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT

THE ARTICULAR SURFACES OF THE ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT IS COVERED WITH ____WHICH ARE SEPARATED BY AN INCOMPLETE WEDGE-SHAPED ARTICULAR DISC

FIBROCARTILAGE

TRUE OR FALSE. ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT IS ALSO AN AREA WHERE INJURY CAN OCCUR

TRUE

THE ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT IS STABILIZED BY?

ACROMIOCLAVICULAR LIGAMENT, CORACOACROMIAL LIGAMENT, CORACOCLAVICULAR LIGAMENT

THIS ATTACHES TO THE CLAVICLE TO THE ACROMION OF THE SCAPULA THE FIBROUS BAND THAT STRENGTHENS THE ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT SUPERIORLY

ACROMIOCLAVICULAR LIGAMENT

THIS RUNS FROM THE CORACOID PROCESS TO THE ACROMION PROVIDES HOW THE SCAPULA AND FREE LIMB ARE PASSIVELY SUSPENDED FROM THE CLAVICULAR STRUT

CORACOACROMIAL LIGAMENT

THIS ATTACHES THE CLAVICLE TO THE CORACOID PROCESS MADE UP OF 2 LIGAMENTS WHICH ARE THE TRAPEZOID AND CONOID

CORACOCLAVICULAR LIGAMENT

THIS MECHANISM OF INJURY COULD LEAD TO ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT SEPARATION

FALL IN THE SHOULDER