Disability Rights, Oppression Frameworks, and Social Justice in Education and Society

What are the four components of IDEA?

1. Nondiscriminatory and multidisciplinary assessment of educational needs, 2. An Individualized Education Plan (IEP), 3. Least Restrictive Environments (LRE), 4. Parent involvement in the education of their children.

What services were added to IDEA in 1986 and 1991?

Early intervention services for children from birth to age 3.

What does the ADA state regarding employment?

Employers cannot discriminate against a person based on disability and must make reasonable accommodations.

What does the ADA require for public services?

Public transportation and places of public access must be accessible to individuals with disabilities.

What are attitudinal barriers in the context of disability?

Beliefs that consider disability a personal deficit rather than a social responsibility.

What are communication barriers?

Obstacles experienced by individuals with disabilities related to hearing, speaking, reading, writing, and understanding.

What are physical barriers?

Structural obstacles that prevent mobility or access for individuals with disabilities.

What are policy barriers?

Issues related to lack of awareness or enforcement of existing laws regarding disability rights.

What are programmatic barriers?

Limitations that affect the effective delivery of programs, often in healthcare.

What are social barriers?

Conditions that contribute to decreased functioning, known as social determinants of health.

What are transportation barriers?

Lack of adequate transportation that limits independence for individuals with disabilities.

What is person-first language?

A way of speaking that emphasizes the individual first, referring to their disability only if necessary.

What is identity-first language?

A way of speaking that acknowledges the disability as a key part of a person's identity.

What is therapeutic pessimism?

The belief that people with mental illness cannot improve or get better.

What is diagnostic overshadowing?

Attributing physical pain to mental illness, often leading to misdiagnosis.

What does the First Amendment guarantee?

Freedoms concerning religion, expression, assembly, and the right to petition.

What is the American Indian Religious Freedom Act (AIRFA)?

A law passed in 1978 to protect the religious beliefs and practices of Native American communities.

What is the 'path of least resistance' in the context of privilege?

The tendency for privileged individuals to avoid examining their role in systemic oppression.

What are eight ways we deny and resist change?

Various psychological and social mechanisms that prevent acknowledgment and action against oppression.

What is the bystander effect?

The phenomenon where individuals are less likely to help a victim when others are present.

What are the key actions to take to be an ally?

Listen, respect, support, avoid assumptions, provide information, and stand by marginalized individuals.

What is Robin DiAngelo's concept of white fragility?

The defensive reactions white people have when their racial privilege is challenged.

What is the paradox of privilege?

The idea that having privilege does not necessarily lead to happiness.

What are effective strategies for speaking up against bias?

Interrupt, question, educate, and echo to challenge biased remarks.

Hilliard's 7 steps used to oppress

1. Suppress the history/ memory of the group
2. Suppress the culture
3. Destroy ethnic identity
4. Deprogram or "Reformat the Hard Drive"
5. Control the socialization process
6. Control the wealth
7. Segregation