Honors World History Midterm

5 Themes of Geography

Location, Human, Region, Place, and Movement

Location

Absolute: Definite reference for locating a place
Relative: Describes through its connection to other places or environment

Human

How humans adapt to the environment

Region

Area with common features

Place

Physical characteristics of a location

Movement

The travel of ideas, goods, resources, etc.

Equator

Imaginary line around the middle of the latitude lines on Earth

Latitude

x-axis of Earth; Runs east to west

Longitude

y-axis of Earth; Runs north to south

Prime Meridian

Imaginary line around the middle of the longitude lines on Earth

Hemisphere

Divided areas by the equator and prime meridian (North and South) (East and West)

Types of Maps

Political, Physical, Climate, Economic, Topographic, and Road

Political Map

Shows the territorial boundaries of countries, states, and other administrative divisions

Physical Map

Graphical representation of physical landmarks

Climate Map

Shows the geographic distribution of climates through zones.

Economic Map

Regions architecture, manufacturing, etc.

Topographic Map

Detailed drawing of acurate features to the area

Road Map

Map for drivers showing roads of an area

B.C

Before Christ

A.D

Anno Domini (Year of the Lord)

Decade

A period of 10 years

Century

A period of 100 years

Millennium

A period of 1000 years

Age/Era

A period of 100,000,000 year

Small Communities in Afro-Eurasia

Governed by elders related by ancestry

Chieftancy in Afro-Eurasia

In which an individual has the power to make decisions over a community

Kingdoms in Afro-Eurasia

Highly established bureaucracy that is generally tied to religion

City States in Afro-Eurasia

Focused on trade; often ruled by merchants

Confederation

Alliances of several states

Empires

Core community with state conquering power; Rules over others

State

Country

State's job

Makes laws, dispenses justice, claims control of territories, and collects resources

Where did the largest of Afro-Eurasian states stretch?

Along the fertile belt of land

What was the heart of Afro-Eurasian States?

The Islamic World

What was the first migration to the Caribbean islands?

Pre-Colonial Caribbean

What year were the Caribbean islands first settled?

5000 BCE

Where did the people migrate from to the Caribbean islands in 5000BCE?

The mainland in Central America

How did belief systems change from early migrations to later migrations?

During early migrations belief systems were very similar and had little diversity. During later migrations belief systems changed to diverse, ancestral beliefs that were full of idols and traditions

What was traded between the Caribbean islands in the Pre-Colonial Caribbean?

Jade, Ceramics, Teeth, Shells, etc.

What happened to the natives of the Caribbean when Spain took over?

They were used as guides, translators, and slaves

What was the encomienda system?

It was a spanish legal system that allowed colonizers to control the indigenous labor force

How did the indigenous people resist spanish control?

By migrating and moving location

What effect did colonial interaction have on the world?

It connected continents and exchanged resources and diseases

What five nations made up the Haudenosaunee?

Seneca, Cayuga, Onodaga, Onedia, and Mohauk

What type of community was the Haudenosaunee?

They were a confederacy

What held up all five nations that made up the Haudenosaunee?

They were held up by a matriarchal hierarchy with a mens council

What did the Aztecs believe in?

They belived in crops, weapons, and the quetzacoatl

Where did the Aztecs settle?

Mexico

In what year did the Aztecs build Tenochtitlan?

In 1325

Why did the Aztecs build pyramids?

For human sacrifice

Why did the Aztecs sacrifice people?

The 52 year cycle; was the belief that human sacrifice would stop the apocolypse

What type of empire were the Aztecs?

Polytheistic Tribute Empire

Where did the Mayans settle?

Yucatan

What belief did the Aztecs and Maya have in common?

The belief in the quetzacoatl

What things were the Mayans make?

They made mesoamerican style pyramids, ball courts, etc.

Who did the Mayans trade with?

The Caribbean

How did the Mayan empire end?

It was left abandoned

What year was the Mayan empire left abandoned?

1450

What empire was the most successful in the Americas?

The Incas

Who ruled the Inca empire?

Sapa Inca

How did the Inca empire expand?

Through military power

What did the Inca empire trade?

Cotton, potatoes, maize, alpacas, pottery, wool, tapestries, etc.

What other successful empire did the Inca empire surpass technologically?

The Roman Empire

What Inca festival celebrated the sun?

Inti Raymi

Where were the Aztec, Inca, and Mayan empires?

The Americas

What are chieftancies, confederations, and empires all examples of?

Organized communities

What major political development did the Haudenosaunee make?

The coming together of five nations in North America, forming a confederation

Mislims, Buddhists, and Hindus were all present in South Asian populations? How would those populations be described?

Religiously pluralistic

What was the main reason for the Aztecs wanting to expand and conquer new places?

The fear of an apocalypse, and the belief that it could be prevented by providing humans and food as sacrifice

According to the Qur'an and the teachings of the prophet Muhammad, Islam is a continuation of which two religions?

Judaism and Christianity

Which belief systems were primarily associated with China int eh thirteenth century?

Buddhism, Daoism, and Confucianism

What region in the Americas had numerous networks connecting communities that were spread accoss 7,000 islands?

The Caribbean

What was the Mongol policy about religious freedom?

The Mongols were tolerant of different religions

How did the Aztec empire form?

Several independent city states in the region came together through alliance and conquest

What is a tributary empire?

An empire where surrounding states pay tribute to the empire to maintain their alliance

What were the most important sources of Islamic history for Muslims?

The Qur'an and The Hadith

What paved the way for Indian Ocean routes of exchange?

Muslim merchants

What cause expanded exchange in the Indian Ocean?

The spread of Islam, demand for specialized products, advances in maritime technology, etc.

What specialized products did India produce?

Cotton, fabric, rugs, etc.

What specialized products did Malaysia produce?

Spices (nutmeg, cloves,etc.)

What specialized products did Swahili produce?

Enslaved people

What specialized products did China produce?

Silk and procelain

Where did the enslaved people from East Africa go?

North Africa, the Middle East, and Madagascar

Where did the enslaved people from West Africa go?

America

What do you need to know about weather when traveling the Indian Ocean?

Monsoon wind patterns

What is a lateen?

Triangular sails

What is a stern/rudder used for?

Stability

What is an astrolabe used for?

To find your distance from the equator

What helped with the growth of states?

Trade, application of revenue, and using taxes to maintain trading posts

What did merchants need to do to expand trade?

Travel

What was a way that Islam spread?

Intermarriage

What did the Muslim merchant community produce?

Silk, paper, porcelain, etc.

What did the Chinese merchant community produce?

Cotton, tea, silk, opium, etc.

What did the Sogdian merchant community produce?

Silk, gold, wine, etc.

What did the Jewish merchant community produce?

Glass beads, dyes, spices, etc.

What did the Malay merchant community produce?

Nutmeg, pepper, etc.

How did communities respond to increased demand?

Finding now ways to make products more efficiently and increase of the government's role in trade.

What significant cultural transfers were made?

The transfer of knowledge, culture, technology, commerce, and religion.

When was Oceania first inhabited?

40,000 years ago

How was Oceania pioneered?

Through seafaring