Cultural Anthropology

The moral and intellectual principle that one should withhold judgement about seemingly strange or exotic beliefs and practices is

cultural relativism

The thinker who developed the evolutionary theory or natural selection in the 19th century

Charles Darwin

Increasing, professional anthropologists are

all of the above

The 19th century British anthropologist who is credited with the development of the concept of culture through an evolutionary perspective where the most evolved societies resembled the British societies in which he lived was

E.B. Tylor

The primary ethical responsibility of anthropologists is to

the people or species they study

Diversity defined anthropologically

focuses on multiplicity and variety

A key element of the scientific method, which both explains things and guide research, is

theories

The comparative method

all of the above

Even though anthropologists use parts of the scientific method, some dont see what they do as science because

the complexity of social behavior prevents any completely objective analysis of human culture

There is rarely any guessing involved in the development of theories because they are tested repeatedly T/F

True

What prompted intellectuals to start systematically explaining the differences among people?

the Industrial Revolution

Western colonial powers understood the different customs and cultures of the people they colonized as

proof of their primitive nature

Which of the following is the most significant aspect of the salvage paradigm?

anthropologists need to collect information from societies before they die out

During fieldwork cultural anthropologists

all of the above

Linguistic anthropologists traditionally sttudy

all of the above

A realistic perspective on the meanings of Coca-cola in Tzotzil Maya communitites in Chiapas, Mexico, would emphasize

that they, the Tzotzil, are dominated by globalization

An ethical approach to anthropological research would emphasize

all of the above

Contemporary cultural anthropologists still rank societies along an evolutionary scale from "primitive" to "advanced" T/F

False

The main idea behind the holistic perspective is to study culture

through systematic connections of different parts

Because our values and beliefs are reflected in many elements of life such as clothes, food, and language means that culture is

intergrated

The most enduring and ritualized aspects of culture are refered to as

traditions

The application of a holistic perspective to understand changes in everyday practices, such as eating breakfast cereals, reveals

the processes of cultural appropriation

A cross-cultural perspective on eating insect larvae would reveal

all of the above

The defining feature of historical particularism is

individual societies develop particular cultural traits and undergo a unique process of change

A symbol

all of the above

The controversy between Native Americans and NCAA schools using mascots illustrates

the power of tradition

Who is responsible for the theory of social evolution

E.B. Tylor

The theory of culture that proposes that cultural practices, beliefs, and institutions fulfill the psychological and physical needs of society is call

functionalism

The idea that embraces dynamic cultural processes and the idea that the observer of cultural processes can never see culture completely objectively represent

post-structuralism

Cultural determinism is unproductive for cultural analysis because

all of the above

The process of learning culture from a very young age is called

encultration

How would a critical relativist explain Native American criticisms of cultural appropriation?

while it is importance to understand Native American claims from their point of view, it doesnt mean we should accept them as the only way to view the issue

The American anthropologist repsonsible for the concept of historical particularism was named

Franz Boaz

A social consequence of introducing coffee into the highlands of Papua New Guinea was that

all of the above

If you wanted to understand the norms of a society, you would be most likely to focus on

everyday interaction

Norms tend to be stable because

people learn them when they are young

The theorist most connected with post-structuralism is

Renato Rosaldo

The idea that Ongee ancestors make tidal waves and earthquakes would be understood by an interpretive anthropologist as

a way of explaining how the world works

Culture is

learned and shared

Ethnocentrism

all of the above

Examples of social institutions are

all of the above

The structuralist approach to culture theorizes what?

people make sense of the world through binary oppositions ie. raw/cooked

Anthropologist overcome ethnocentrism by

seeing matters from the point of view of another culture

When Kay Warren presented her anthropological research, a group of Maya intellectuals, activist, and political leaders

challenged her right to study the Maya culture as a foreign anthropologist

Anthropologist believe that our behavior is influenced by

both

A paradigm that emphasizes humans that are made up of complex biological, cultural, and psychological processes is

biocultural

The human mind is

all of the above

Ethnopsychology is largely concerned with

understanding how other societies make sense of selves, persons, and emotions

Anthropologist Kim Hopper believes

industrialized nations produce "surplus people"

Slight, unpredictable variation in the genetic code that occurs during reproduction is called

mutation

The movement of genes through interbreeding or intermarriage among humans from different population is

gene flow

This anthropologist rejected the idea that there are groups of people belonging to stable and unchanging races

Franz Boas

Nature and nurture are not opposed but intertwined T/F

True

Gene flow and gene drift work on human populations in opposite ways T/F

True

Neural plasticity is illustrated by

all of the above

An illustration of the bioculture of humans is

mental stress from losing a job causing insomnia

The affects and feelings we experience as humans

may not have an exact equivalent in another culture

Cultural models help us make sense of the world because

they provide a pattern for one's own behavior and interpreting others' actions

The limitation of culture and personality studies was that they assumed

all of the above

Intelligence is

not marked by a single fixed gene

The enhanced cognition of early modern humans allowed for

all of the above

According to Mauss and Durkheim, a key feature of the concept of personhood in many other culture is

defined socially

A cross-cultural perspective on manic depression would

all of the above

If an anthropologist who studies cultural models were to analyze the Ilongot concept of liget, she or he might emphasize

all of the above

Which of the following would most interest an anthropologist who studies geneticization

the search for breast cancer gene

A biological perspective on the evolution of our species would emphasize that

all of the above

Animal call systems

can only communicate in response to real-world stimuli

Koko, thegorilla, ans Washo, the chimp, were two ape primates who had learn

American sign language

_______ refers to the structure of speech sounds

phonology

How words fit together to make meaningful units is called

morphology

The study of grammatical categories, such as tense and word order, is called

morphology

When anthropologists study the way people use language in real settings rather than as a set of grammatical rules, they are focusing on

parole

A stoplight is a visual example of a

sign

Anthropologist Sherry Ortner distinguished three kinds of culturally powerful symbols that include all of the following except

narrative symbol

The study of how people classify things in the world is called

ethnoscience

A language of mixed origin that developed from a complex blending of two parent languages is called

creole

The set of sounds and movements that animals make to communicate is called a call system T/F

True

Most people are unaware of the structure of a language until someone speaking it makes a mistake T/F

True

Languages change very slowly, taking generations or even centuries T/F

False

American's pattern of gender inequality is built into our linguistic practices T/F

True

In evolutionary terms humans are distinct from other primates with respect to their ability to use language because

we can speak using our larynx

For pastoral groups such as the Dinka and the Nuer, the cow acts as which of the following symbol?

elaborating symbol

Edward Spair, who had been

all of the above

Linguistics refer to mixed languages with a simplified grammar that people rarely learn as a mother tongue as

pidgin language

The US government's prohibition of Native American children speaking their indigenous languages in Indian schools has contributed most profoundly to

language death

Although language is one of the most rule-bound aspect of human culture, it is also one of the least conscious T/F

True

Because of the widespread use of mass media today, sociologist have found increasing homogeneity in the use of language in the US T/F

False

If you were a linguistic anthropologist interested in language change in smaller American cities, building on William Labov's studies, what method would you use?

record how younger people, middle aged, and senior citizens pronounces ordinary american words

The canadian government helps preserve the use of french

all of the above

If you studied speech patterns such as those analyzed in Robin Lakoffs study of genderized speech, you might find that talking like a lady

marginalize women voice in work context

If you were conducting a symbolic analysis of TV programs and wanted to identify a key scenario such as the Horatio Alger myth, which of the following would you focus on?

plots that are repeated in many of the programs that American viewers interpret as commonplace social experiment