Physics Lecture Review: Buoyancy, Torque, and Oscillations

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering fluid mechanics (buoyancy and pressure), rotational dynamics (torque), and simple harmonic motion (springs and pendulums) based on the lecture transcript.

Buoyant Force Factors

The variables that affect the buoyant force: the density of the fluid (often water), the volume, and gravity.

Standard Density of Water

The typically used value of $1,000$, though specified as $1250$ in certain lecture problems.

Pressure in a Fluid

A measurement determined only by how deep an object is, rather than the volume of the pool or container.

Fluid Flow Velocity and Pressure Relationship

If a fluid is running faster, the pressure is lower; if a fluid is going slow, the pressure is high.

Torque Equation

Torque is equal to $\text{force} \times \text{radius}$, and its value specifically depends on the sine of the angle.

Maximum Torque

The state achieved when the angle of the applied force is closest to $90^\text{o}$.

Zero Torque

The result when the angle of the applied force is $0$.

Relationship between Period and Frequency

The period is $\frac{1}{\text{frequency}}$ and the frequency is $\frac{1}{\text{period}}$.

Torque Balance (Seesaw)

The principle where a bigger force requires a shorter distance from the pivot, and a bigger distance requires a smaller force.

Fulcrum

The pivot point on a seesaw where the parent (heavier) sits closer and the child (lighter) sits further away.

Period of a Spring Equation

T = 2\text{\pi}\\sqrt{\\frac{m}{k}}

Period of a Pendulum Equation

T = 2\text{\pi}\\sqrt{\\frac{L}{g}}

Free Body Diagram Forces (Fluid Hook)

Forces acting on an object held in a tank by a hook: gravity ($F_g$) acts down, while the buoyant force and tension force act up.

Tension Force Direction (Bottom String)

In a fluid tank where a string is attached to the bottom, the tension force acts down because it is holding the object down.

Equilibrium (Fluids)

A state in which all forces acting on an object in fluid are balanced, allowing for the calculation of fluid density or volume.