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Racial Wealth Gap
Wealth disparity among racial and ethnic groups.
Wealth Inequality
Disproportionate wealth accumulation by top households.
Median Household Wealth
Middle value of wealth across households by race.
Slavery
Historical system contributing to racial wealth disparities.
Segregation
Separation of races impacting economic opportunities.
Redlining
Discriminatory practice denying loans based on race.
GI Bill
Post-WWII program aiding white veterans' wealth accumulation.
Color-Blind Policies
Policies ignoring racial disparities in wealth.
FHA
Federal Housing Administration, established 1934, supports housing.
New Deal
1930s programs aimed at economic recovery.
Emergency Medical Bills
Unexpected healthcare costs impacting financial stability.
Two-Parent Household
Family structure associated with higher wealth accumulation.
Single Parent Households
Households with one parent, often face higher poverty.
College Attendance
Higher education linked to increased wealth potential.
White Privilege
Societal advantages benefiting white individuals economically.
Poverty Rates
Percentage of population living below the poverty line.
Social Mobility
Ability to move between social classes.
Survey of Consumer Finances
Data source for household wealth statistics.
Public Policy Decisions
Government actions influencing economic disparities.
Wealth Accumulation
Process of building financial assets over time.
Racial Disparities
Inequities in wealth and opportunities among races.
Emergency Expenses
Unforeseen costs affecting financial stability.
Desegregation
Ending the separation of racial groups in schools.
Income Inequality
Disparity in earnings among different income groups.
Earnings Gap
Difference in annual earnings among demographic groups.
Child Poverty Rate
Percentage of children living below the poverty line.
Median Income
Middle income value separating higher and lower earners.
Racial Earnings Inequality
Income disparity based on race and ethnicity.
Labor Market Discrimination
Unfair treatment in hiring based on race.
Implicit Bias
Unconscious judgments affecting decision-making.
Categorical Exclusion
Job applicants denied opportunities due to race.
Shifting Standards
Different evaluation criteria for applicants of different races.
Deindustrialization
Transition from manufacturing to service-based economy.
Unionized Jobs
Employment positions protected by labor unions.
Wage Gap
Difference in earnings between men and women.
Asian Median Earnings
Highest median weekly earnings among racial groups.
Latinx Women's Earnings
Median weekly earnings of $702 in 2020.
Native American Earnings
Only 19% earn more than $1,200 weekly.
Black Women's Earnings
Only 62 cents for each dollar of white men's.
White Women's Earnings
69 cents for each dollar of white men's.
Income Stagnation
Lack of income growth for lowest earners.
Income Disparities
Differences in income across various demographics.
Sociological Explanations
Theoretical frameworks analyzing social factors in inequality.
Human Capital
Education and skills affecting income potential.
Unionization Rate 1954
35% of workforce was unionized in 1954.
Unionization Rate 1980
Unionization dropped to 20% by early 1980s.
Unionization Rate 2008
Only 8% of workforce unionized by 2008.
Racial Wealth Gap
Disparity in wealth among racial groups.
Racially Restrictive Covenants
Contracts preventing property sale to non-whites.
Federal Housing Administration (FHA)
Established in 1934 to support construction industry.
Wealth Gap Factors
Five factors explaining wealth gap disparities.
Homeownership Impact
Years of homeownership accounts for 27% wealth gap.
Household Income Impact
Household income contributes 20% to wealth gap.
Unemployment Impact
Years of unemployment accounts for 9% wealth gap.
Education Impact
College education contributes 5% to wealth gap.
Inheritance Impact
Inheritances account for 5% of wealth gap.
Homeownership Disparity 2011
73% of whites owned homes; 45% of Blacks.
College Graduation Disparity 2011
34% of whites graduated; 20% Blacks, 13% Latinos.
Education Policy Solutions
Invest in equitable preschool and K-12 education.
Labor Market Policy Solutions
Create federal job programs and support unions.
Homeownership Policy Solutions
Enforce housing anti-discrimination laws strictly.
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
Organizations that modify loans for struggling homeowners.
Federal Aid for Poor
Increase support for working poor families.
Early Childhood Programs
Expand intervention programs for low-income families.
Nutrition and Health Services
Improve health services for poor families.
Teenage Pregnancy Reduction
Strengthen efforts to reduce teenage pregnancies.
Racial Discrimination Enforcement
Enhance legal enforcement against hiring discrimination.
Residential Segregation Reduction
Efforts to decrease residential segregation.
