Homeostasis, Body Systems, and Anatomical Positions in Human Physiology

What is homeostasis?

The body's ability to maintain a stable internal condition despite changes in the external environment.

What are the three main components of a homeostatic control system?

1. Receptor (detects changes), 2. Control center (determines set point), 3. Effector (provides response).

What type of feedback mechanism is most common in homeostasis?

Negative feedback, which shuts off the stimulus.

What is an example of positive feedback in the body?

The release of oxytocin during childbirth, which stimulates contractions.

What is the significance of knowing body regions and anatomical positions in medicine?

It is crucial for correct diagnosis and communication with other medical professionals.

What symptoms did the 52-year-old male patient exhibit upon entering the ER?

Shortness of breath, hyperhidrosis, extreme anxiety, and acute severe thoracic pain radiating to the left arm.

What treatment was recommended for the 52-year-old male patient?

Angioplasty due to a history of angina.

How was the temperature of the 52-year-old male patient taken?

From the axillary region due to resistance to the thermometer.

What symptoms did the 16-year-old male patient exhibit?

Nausea, fatigue, dizziness, muscle pains, and severe radiating pain in the cephalic region.

What treatment was prescribed for the 16-year-old male patient?

0.9% saline IV inserted at the manus region to avoid rash.

What condition was confirmed in the 46-year-old female patient?

Sepsis due to hepatic and pulmonary failure.

What was the treatment plan for the 46-year-old female patient?

Excision of necrotic tissue and IV administration of saline solution, corticosteroids, and antibiotics.

What is anatomy?

The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts.

What is physiology?

The study of how the body and its parts function.

What does the prefix 'ana-' mean?

Apart.

What does the suffix '-tomy' mean?

To cut.

What does the suffix '-ology' mean?

Study of.

What is the simplest level of organization in the body?

The atomic level.

What is the second level of organization in the body?

The molecular level, made up of bonded molecules.

What is the third level of organization in the body?

The cellular level, where molecules combine to form cells.

What is the fourth level of organization in the body?

The tissue level, where similar cells work together to form tissue types.

What is the fifth level of organization in the body?

The organ level, made up of two or more tissue types.

What is the sixth level of organization in the body?

The organ system level, where organs work together to accomplish a common purpose.

What are the five survival needs of the body?

Nutrients, oxygen, water, regulation of body temperature, and atmospheric pressure.

What is hyponatremia?

Low sodium levels.

What does the term 'medial' mean in anatomical terms?

Closer to the midline.

What does 'ipsilateral' refer to?

Structures on the same side.

What does 'contralateral' refer to?

Structures on the opposite side.

What is the standard position for the body called?

Anatomical position.

What does the term 'brachial' refer to?

The arm.

What does the term 'femoral' refer to?

The thigh.

What does a frontal (coronal) section divide the body into?

Front and back.

What does a transverse (cross) section divide the body into?

Upper and lower.

What does the term 'orbital' refer to?

The eyes.

What does the dorsal body cavity include?

The cranial and vertebral cavities.

What does the ventral body cavity include?

The thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities.