science : genetics
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13 Terms
What is DNA?
The molecule that contains genetic instructions.
What bases pair together in DNA?
A pairs with T; C pairs with G
What is a gene?
a small section of DNA that contains instructions for a specific trait or function
What is a chromosome?
long, tightly packed piece of DNA that contains many genes.
What is an allele?
A version of a gene
What is genotype?
The letters/alleles an organism has, e.g. Bb.
What is phenotype?
the observable traits of an organism, like eye colour or height
What is dominant?
a version of a gene that shows its trait even if there is only one copy.
What is recessive?
An allele that usually needs two copies to show.
What does mitosis produce?
2 similar body cells.
What does meiosis produce?
4 genetically different sex cells.
What is cloning?
Making a genetically identical copy.
What is genetic modification?
Changing an organism's DNA