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Cocci, Grape-like clusters
What is the morphology of Staphylococcus spp.?
Catalase (+), B-hemolytic (S. aureus), Coagulase (+) ONLY for S. aureus
Describe the metabolism of Staphylococcus spp. (catalase, hemolysis, coagulase)
Staphylococcus spp. are resistant to Penicillin
Why is it important to distinguish between Staph and Strep in a clinical setting?
Gram Staining, Catalase, Cultures
What are 3 diagnostic methods for Staphylococcus spp.?
Golden appearance
Aside from clear zones (beta-hemolysis), what is another indication that the colonies grown in BPA are S. aureus?
Protein A, Protective
[SA] Identify the Virulence Factor and Category: Binds IgG, prevents phagocytosis
Coagulase, Protective
[SA] Identify the Virulence Factor and Category: Induces clots, protection from phagocytosis
Hemolysins, Protective
[SA] Identify the Virulence Factor and Category: Destroys RBCs, neutrophils, macrophages, platelets
Leukocidins, Protective
[SA] Identify the Virulence Factor and Category: Destroys WBCs
Penicillinase, Protective
[SA] Identify the Virulence Factor and Category: Inactivates penicillin
Hyaluronidase, Tissue-destroying
[SA] Identify the Virulence Factor and Category: Breaks down hyaluronic acid
Staphylokinase, Tissue-destroying
[SA] Identify the Virulence Factor and Category: Lyses formed fibrin clots
Protease, Tissue-destroying
[SA] Identify the Virulence Factor and Category: Destroys tissue proteins
Lipase, Tissue-destroying
[SA] Identify the Virulence Factor and Category: Degrades fats and oils on skin
Beta-lactamase enzyme
Penicillinase is what kind of enzyme?
Protective, Tissue-destroying, Toxins
What are the three categories of virulence factors for S. aureus?
Enterotoxin (food poisoning), TSST-1 (superantigen), Exfoliatin
What are three (3) toxins produced by S. aureus as virulence factors?
20%
TSST-1 has been found in how many % of S. aureus isolates?
Scalded skin syndrome
Exfoliatin as an S. aureus toxin causes what?
Gastroenteritis, TSS, Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (Ritter Disease)
What are 3 clinical findings due to exotoxins by S. aureus?
Ritter's Disease
Similar in pathogenesis with TSS, but it produces exfoliatin toxins A and B and establishes a localized infection.
Ritter's Disease
Characterized by cleavage of epidermis, with fine sheets of skin peeling off to reveal red moist skin.
Can infect neonates with a local infection of recently severed umbilicus
How are neonates affected by Ritter's Disease?
Pneumonia, Meningitis, Acute Bacterial Endocarditis, UTI
What are 5 examples of diseases caused by direct invasion of S. aureus?
Bacterial endocarditis in S. aureus is acute (sudden onset), no need for prior history of heart valve damage
What distinguishes the bacterial endocarditis in S. aureus to bacterial endocarditis in Viridans?
Cleaning of the wound, 1st gen cephalosporins, Clindamycin
What are 3 treatments for S. aureus
It is the accumulation of the exotoxins that are causing the symptoms, not the microorganism itself
Why are antibiotics prescribed for S. aureus not curative (does not kill microorganism)?
Gram stain, Culture (B-hemolytic, golden yellow pigment), Catalase (+), Coagulase (+)
What are 4 diagnostics measures for S. aureus?