lab 4 - bones of the articulated skeleton - BIO210 Anatomy

occipital bone (superior cranial bone)

located at back (posterior) and base of skull

2 parietal bones (superior cranial bones)

upper sides and roof of skull (left and right)

frontal bone (superior cranial bone)

forehead (frons) bone

2 temporal bones (superior cranial bone)

lower lateral sides and base of skull, near ears

1 sphenoid bone (superior cranial bones)

anterior to temporal bone, can be side on side by ear or through eye sockets

1 ethmoid bone (superior cranial bones)

middle of skull, roof of nose, nasal and inner eye area

2 maxillary bones/maxillae (facial bones)

forms middle of face above mouth

2 palatine bones (facial bones)

roof of mouth, posterior within mouth

2 nasal bones (facial bones)

bridge of nose area, superior medial portion of face

2 inferior nasal conchae (facial bones)

located in nose, lower part of lateral wall of nasal cavity

2 zygomatic bones (facial bones)

commonly referred to as our cheekbones

2 lacrimal bones (facial bones)

front part of medial wall of each eye socket

1 vomer (facial bones)

divides nose into right and left passages, septum

1 mandible (facial bones)

lower part of face/jaw

1 hyoid bone (skull bone)

u-shaped bone located between the mandible and the larynx. it is the only bone that does NOT articulate with any other bone in the human body

1 sternum

center anterior region of chest

7 pairs of true ribs

connected to sternum with their own piece of cartilage, first 7 ribs

5 pairs of false ribs

connected together by same strip of cartilage, below first 7 ribs

2 pairs of floating ribs

11th and 12th ribs, not connected to sternum at all

7 cervical vertebrae (vertebral column)

first two have special names:

• atlas (cervical vertebra 1) - supports skull

• axis (cervical vertebra #2) - turns our head side to side

12 thoracic vertebra (vetebral column)

start by collarbone and end approximately where ribs end

5 lumbar vertebra (vetebral column)

lower section of back

1 sacrum (vertebral column)

in pelvic region, composed of 5 fused sacral vertebrae

1 coccyx

composed of 3-5 fused coccygeal vertebrae

2 clavicles (pair upper extermities)

reference image

2 scapula

look like butterfly wings lol

2 humerus

upper/proximal arm bone

2 radius

lateral lower arm bone

2 ulna

medial lower/distal arm bone

16 carpals

wrist bones

10 metacarpals

labeled with roman numerals I, II, III, IV, & V on each hand

28 phalanges

• 10 proximal phalanges

• 8 middle phalanges, II-V (thumb does not have middle phallanx)

• 10 distal phalanges, I-V

• use phalanx on quiz to describe one if asked to name only one bone

2 coxal bones/os coxa

each os coxa forms through the fusion of 3 fetal hip bones

• at birth these bones are separated by hyaline cartilage

• fusion not complete until 25 years of age

• 3 bones are ilium, ischium, pubis

ilium (coxal bone segment)

upper/superior region of coxal bone

ischium (coxal bone segment

lateral coxal bone

pubis (coxal bone segment)

medial coxal bone region

2 femurs

superior leg bone/thigh

2 patella

knees

2 tibia

anterior distal leg bones

2 fibula

lateral and slightly inferior to tibia

14 tarsals

foot bones

10 metatarsals

labeled I, II, III, IV & V

28 phalanges (foot)

• 10 proximal phalanges, I-V

• 8 middle phalanges II-V

• 10 distal phalanges I-V