MCB 408 exam 1

CD2

• adhesion molecule; signals transduction

• Th cell, Tc cell, NK cell

CD3

• signal transduction element of t-cell receptor

• Th cell, Tc cell

CD4

• adhesion molecule that binds to MHC class II molecules; signal transduction

• Th cells

CD8

• adhesion molecule that binds to MHC class I molecules; signal transduction

• Tc cells, variable in NK cells

CD16

• low-affinity receptor for Fc region of IgG

• NK cells

CD 19

• signal transduction; CD 21 co-receptor

• B cell

CD 20

• signal transduction; regulates Ca2+ transport across the membrane

• B cell

CD 21 (CR2)

• receptor for complement C3d and epstein-barr virus

• B cell

CD 28

• receptor for costimulatory B7 molecule on APC

• Th cell and Tc cell

CD 32

• receptor for Fc region of IgG

• B cell

CD 35

• receptor for complement C3b

• B cell

CD 40

• signal transduction

• B cell

CD 45

• signal transduction

• B cell, Th cell, Tc cell, NK cells

CD 56

• adhesion molecule

• NK cells

CD 161

• lectin-like receptor

• NK cell

skin (epithelial barrier)

antimicrobial peptides and proteins; fatty acids in sebum

mouth and upper alimentary canal (epithelial barrier)

enzymes; antimicrobial peptides and proteins; sweeping of epithelial surface by directional flow of fluid towards stomach

stomach (epithelial barrier)

low pH; digestive enzymes; bile salts; antimicrobial peptides and proteins; fluid flow towards intestine

small intestine (epithelial barrier)

digestive enzymes; antimicrobial peptides and proteins; presence of commensal microbes; fluid flow to large intestine

large intestin (epithelial barrier)

presence of commensal microbes; fluid flow with feces expelled from the rectum

airway and lungs (epithelial barrier)

outward sweep of mucus by cilia; coughing and sneezing expel mucus; macrophages protect aleveoli of lungs

urogenital tract (epithelial barrier)

flushing by urine and mucus; low pH; antimicrobial peptides and proteins

salivary, lacrimal, and mammary glands

flushing by secretions and mucus; antimucrobial peptides and proteins

NK cells specifies by T-bet and EOMES

immunitiy to viruses and intracellular pathogens, tumor surveillance, inculding cytotoxicity

ILC-1 specified by T-bet

immunity to extracellular pathogens; viruses, bacteria, parasites

ILC-2 specified by GATA-3

immunity to helminths, wound healing

ILC-3 populations

• immunity to extracellular bacteria

• immunity to extracellular bacteria, homeostasis of epithelia

• lymphoid tissue development, intestinal homeostasis, immunity to extracellular bacteria

TLR (cellular location?)

plasma membrane, endosomes, lysosome

CLR (cellular location?)

plasma membrane

RLR, NLR, cGAS/STING (cellular location?)

cytosol

ALR (cellular location?)

cytosol and nucleus

TLR (ligands?)

microbial carbohydrates, lipoproteins, fungal mannans, bacterial flagellin, viral RNA, self-components of damaged tissues

CLR (ligands?)

carbohydrates components of fungi, mycobacteria, viruses, parasites, and some allergens

RLR (ligands?)

viral RNA

NLR (ligands?)

Fragments of intracellular or extracellular cell wall peptidoglycans

ALR and cGAS/STING (ligands?)

viral and bacterial DNAs

TLR (cellular functions)

production of antimicrobials, antivirals, and cytokines; inflammation

CLR (cellular functions)

phagocytosis, production of antimicorbials and cytokines; inflammation

RLR and ALR (cellular functions)

production of interferons and cytokines

NLR (cellular functions)

production of antimicrobials and cytokines; inflammation

cGAS/STING

production of interferons; pro-inflammatory

TLR 2/1 and TLR 2/6 (binds to what ligand?)

mycobacteria, bacteria, gram + bacteria, fungi

TLR-3 (binds to what ligand?)

viral dsRNA

TLR-4 (binds to what ligand?)

LPS (gram - bacteria)

TLR-5 (binds to what ligand?)

flagellin (bacteria)

TLR-7 (binds to what ligand?)

viral ssRNA

TLR-8 (binds to what ligand?)

viral ssRNA

TLR -9 (binds to what ligand?)

dna with unmethylated CpG (bacteria and dna viruses)

TLR-11 (binds to what ligand?)

Uropathogenic bacteria, toxoplasma profilin

TLR-12 (binds to what ligand?)

toxoplasma profilin

apoptosis, extrinsic and intrinsic (what is its cellular consequence?)

membrane-bound cell fragments removed by phagocytosis

necroptosis and pyroptosis (what is its cellular consequence?)

plasma membrane rupture and inflammation

Netosis (what is its cellular consequence?)

release of chromatin nets and neutrophil death resulting in inflammation

ferroptosis (what is its cellular consequence?)

necrotic cell death

IgM, IgG (classical pathway)

binding to pathogen surface and initiating complement cascade

C1 (classical pathway)

• initiating of the classical pathway by binding Ig

• binding to apoptotic blebs and initiating phagocytosis of apoptotic cells

• serine protease, cleaving C1r and C1s

• serine protease, cleaving C4 and C2

Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), or ficolins (lectin pathway)

binding to carbohydrates on microbial surface and initiating complement cascade

MASP-1 (lectin pathway)

MBL-associated serine protease 1. MASP-2 appears to be functionally the more relevant MASP protein

MASP-2 (lectin pathway)

serine protease. In complex with MBL/ficolin, cleaves C4 and C2

C2 (classical and lectin pathways)

• serine protease. with C4b is a C3 convertase

• inactive in complement pathways. Cleavage of C2b by plasmin releases C2 kinin, a peptide that stimulates vasodilation

C4 (classical and lectin pathways)

• binds microbial cell membrane via thioester bond

• with C2a, is a C3 convertase

C3 (classical and lectin pathways)

• anaphylatoxin. mediates inflammatory signals via C3aR

• potent in opsonization, tagging immune complexes, pathogens, and appototic cells for phagocytsis

• with C4b and C2a, forms C5 convertase

C5

• anaphylatoxin; binding to C5aR induces inflammation

• component of MAC. Binds cell membrane and facilitates binding of other components of the MAC

C6

component of MAC. stabilizes C5b. In the absence of C6, C5b is rapidly degraded

C7

component of MAC. Bonds C5bC6 and induces conformational change allowing C7 to insert into interior membrane

C8

component of MAC. Binds C5bC6C7 and creates a small pore in membrane

C9

component of MAC

lysis of bacterial and cell membranes (what is the responsible complement component?)

MAC

opsonization (what is the responsible complement component?)

covalently bound C3b, C4b

induction of inflammation and chemotaxis by anaphylatoxins (what is the responsible complement component?)

C3a and C5a and their receptor on leukocytes

augmentation of antibody response (what is the responsible complement component?)

C3b and C4b and their proteolyzed fragments bound to immune complexes and antigen; C3 receptors on immune cells

enhancement of immunologic memory (what is the responsible complement component?)

C3b and C4b and their fragments bound to antigen and immune complexes; receptors for complement components on follicular dendritic cells

enhancements of antigen presentation (what is the responsible complement component?)

MBL, C1q, C3b, C4b, and C5a

potential effects on T cells (what is the responsible complement component?)

C3, C3a, C3b, C5a

clearance of immune complexes from tissues (what is the responsible complement component?)

C1, c2, C4; covalently bound fragments of C3 and C4

clearance of apoptotic cells (what is the responsible complement component?)

C1q; covalently bound fragments of C3 and C4. Loss of CD46 triggers immune clearance

induction of regulatory T cells (what is the responsible complement component?)

CD46

CR1

clearance of immune complexes, enhancement of phagocytosis, regulation of C3 breakdown

CR2

enhancement of B-cell activation, B-cell coreceptor, and retention of C3d-tagged immune complexes

CR3

binding to adhesion molecules on leukocytes, facilitates extravasation; iC3b binding enhances opsonization of immune complexes

CR4

iC3b-mediated phagocytosis

CRIg

iC3b-mediated phagocytosis and inhibition of alternative pathway

C1qRp

induces T-cell activation; enhances phagocytosis

SIGN-RI

enhances opsonization of bacteria by MZ macrophages

C3aR

induces degranulation

C5aR

induces degranulation; chemoattraction; acts with IL-1B and TNF-a to induce acute-phase response; induces respiratory burst in neutrophils

C5L2

uncertain; probably downregulates pro-inflammatory effects of C5a

C1 inhibitor (classical and lectin)

induces dissociation and inhibition of C1r2s2 from C1q; serine protease inhibitor

CD55 (classical, alternative, and lectin)

accelerates dissociation of C4b2a and C3bBb C3 convertase

CR1 (CD35) (classical, alternative and lectin)

blocks formation of C3 convertase by binding C4b or C3b

C4BP (classical and lectin)

blocks formation fo C4b2a C3 convertase

Factor H (alternative)

blocks formation of C3bBb C3 convertase

Factor 1 (classical,, alternative, and lectin)

serine protease: cleaves C4b and C3b using cofactors

Membrane cofactor of proteolysis, MCP (classical, alternative, and lectin)

cofactor for factor 1 in degradation of C3b and C4b

S protein (all pathways)

binds soluble C5b67 and prevents insertion into host cell membrane

CD59 (all pathways)

binds C5b678 on host cells, blocking binding of C9 and the formation of the MAC

carboxypeptidase N, B, and R (anaphylatoxins produced by all pathways)

cleave and inactivate the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a