Back & Thorax Anatomy and Related Structures

Fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering key origins, insertions, innervations, actions, nerves, and vessels from lecture notes on back, thorax, cardiovascular, and facial anatomy.

The upper trapezius is primarily innervated by __ (spinal levels).

C3–C4

The insertion of the upper trapezius is the __ of the clavicle.

lateral one-third

The middle trapezius originates from the spinous processes of __.

T1–T5

Scapular adduction is the chief action of the __ trapezius.

middle

The lower trapezius produces scapular depression and upward rotation and is innervated by __.

C3–C4

The latissimus dorsi inserts into the __ of the humerus.

intertubercular sulcus

The nerve that supplies latissimus dorsi is the __ nerve (C6–C8).

thoracodorsal

Swimming and climbing rely heavily on the __ muscle for shoulder extension and adduction.

latissimus dorsi

The levator scapulae elevates the scapula and is supplied by the __ nerve (C5).

dorsal scapular

Rhomboid major inserts on the __ border of the scapula below the spine.

medial

Scapular downward rotation is performed by both rhomboids and __ (a small elevator on the back).

levator scapulae

Serratus posterior superior elevates ribs __ during inspiration.

2–5

The accessory respiratory muscle that depresses ribs 9–12 is the serratus posterior __.

inferior

Capital extension and ipsilateral rotation are actions of __ capitis.

splenius

The iliocostalis lumborum originates from the common erector spinae tendon and the __ crest.

iliac

The iliocostalis cervicis inserts on the transverse processes of __.

C4–C6

Longissimus thoracis inserts onto ribs 3–12 and the transverse processes of __.

T1–T12

The most medial column of erector spinae is the __ group.

spinalis

Semispinalis capitis inserts on the __ (skull).

occiput

Multifidus fibers span from sacrum to cervical spine and insert into higher level __ processes.

spinous

The deepest transversospinalis muscles are the __ rotatores.

longus

Interspinales connect spinous process to spinous process and produce __ of the vertebral column.

extension

Intertransversarii muscles are responsible for __ flexion of the vertebral column.

lateral

The suboccipital triangle is bounded superiorly by obliquus capitis __.

superior

Inside the suboccipital triangle run the vertebral artery and the __ nerve (C1).

suboccipital

The greater occipital nerve (C2) pierces the __ capitis muscle.

semispinalis

Pectoralis major clavicular fibers are supplied by the __ pectoral nerve.

lateral

Pectoralis minor inserts on the __ process of the scapula.

coracoid

A winged scapula results from injury to the __ thoracic nerve supplying serratus anterior.

long

The anterior scalene inserts onto the __ rib.

first

Elevation of the second rib is the job of the __ scalene.

posterior

External intercostals run "hands-in-pockets" and primarily __ the ribs during inspiration.

elevate

The innermost intercostals occupy only the __ part of the intercostal space.

middle

Transverse thoracis muscles help keep the internal thoracic vessels against the __ wall.

thoracic

Levatores costarum arise from transverse processes C7–T11 and insert on the rib __ below.

immediately

The triangle of auscultation is bordered medially by the trapezius and inferiorly by the __ dorsi.

latissimus

The right coronary artery originates from the right __ sinus.

aortic

The artery supplying the SA node usually arises from the right coronary as the __ nodal branch.

sinoatrial

The right coronary terminates as the posterior (inferior) __ artery.

interventricular

The left coronary artery is very short and divides in the __ sulcus.

coronary

The anterior interventricular branch (LAD) supplies both ventricles and the __ septum.

interventricular

Raising the eyebrows is performed by the frontal belly of __.

occipitofrontalis

Closing the eyes during blinking uses the __ part of orbicularis oculi.

palpebral

Compressing the cheek against teeth is the action of __.

buccinator

The facial nerve (CN VII) innervates all muscles of __ expression.

facial

The parotid gland receives parasympathetic fibers via the __ nerve (CN IX).

glossopharyngeal

Elevation and retraction of the mandible are actions of the __ muscle.

temporalis

The masseter originates from the __ arch.

zygomatic

Protrusion and depression of the mandible are bilateral actions of the __ pterygoid.

lateral

The medial pterygoid inserts on the __ of the mandible.

angle

The anterior spinal artery runs in the median fissure and is joined by branches from __ medullary arteries.

segmental

The dorsal scapular nerve innervates rhomboids and __ scapulae.

levator

Injury to the accessory nerve (CN XI) weakens elevation of the __ (muscle).

trapezius

The internal thoracic artery is a branch of the __ artery.

subclavian

The coronary sinus receives the great, middle, and __ cardiac veins.

small