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Urbanisation
The process by which cities grow and develop as more people move from rural to urban areas.
Londinium
The name given to London when the Romans established it as a walled settlement around 43AD.
Industrial Revolution
A period in the 19th century when industrialisation began to accelerate, leading to mass urbanisation.
Tidal River
A river that experiences changes in water level due to tides, which affects navigation and port activity.
Megacity
A city with a population over 10 million.
Gentrification
The process through which urban areas are transformed by the arrival of wealthier residents, often displacing poorer residents.
Natural Increase
The growth of a population through the excess of births over deaths.
Social Deprivation
The lack of resources, services, and standards of living that are essential for a decent life.
Containerisation
A system of intermodal freight transport using standard-sized containers, which led to the decline of dock jobs.
Crossrail
A new underground rail link designed to enhance connectivity in London that was due to open in 2018.
Brownfield Site
Previously developed land that is typically underused or derelict and may need decontamination.
Greenfield Site
Undeveloped land which has not been previously built on, often used for agriculture or natural habitat.
Urban Greening
The process of increasing and improving green spaces in urban areas.
Congestion Zone
A defined area in a city where drivers have to pay a fee to reduce traffic congestion.
London Docklands Development Corporation (LDDC)
An organization established in 1981 to regenerate the London Docklands area.
Silicon Roundabout
An area in London known as a hub for technology and startups, particularly around the Old Street Roundabout.
Demographics
Statistical data relating to the population and particular groups within it.
Pollution
The introduction of harmful substances or products into the environment.
Air Quality Management Area
A designated area where air pollution levels exceed acceptable standards and management measures are put in place.
Waste Reduction Strategy
Efforts focused on reducing the amount of waste produced and increasing recycling rates.
Life Expectancy
The average period a person is expected to live, based on statistical averages.
Public Transport
Transport services that operate on the open market for the general public, including buses, trains, and subways.
Economic Regeneration
The process of reinvigorating the economy of an area through investment and development.
Environmental Regeneration
Restoration and improvement of the natural environment in an area that has been degraded.
Housing Shortage
A situation where the demand for housing exceeds the supply available.
Sparsely Populated
An area where fewer people live per square kilometer.
Densely Populated
An area where many people live per square kilometer.
Job Migration
The movement of people from one area to another in search of employment opportunities.
Net Migration
The difference between the number of people immigrating and the number of people emigrating from a location.
East India Dock Basin
A site in London that features the first bird sanctuary as part of environmental regeneration efforts.
Flats and Offices
Residential apartments and commercial spaces that have transformed old industrial buildings.
Cultural Diversity
The existence of various cultural groups within a society, contributing to a rich social fabric.
Urban Sprawl
The uncontrolled expansion of urban areas into the surrounding rural land.
Public Hygiene
The science and practice of maintaining health and preventing diseases in communities.
Green Spaces
Parks and other open areas planted with grass, trees, and other vegetation in urban settings.
High-Rise Developments
Buildings that are taller than the surrounding structures, often used for residential or commercial purposes.
Transport Hub
A central location for transferring between different modes of transport.
Carbon Footprint
The total greenhouse gas emissions caused directly and indirectly by an individual, organization, event, or product.
Suburban Growth
The expansion of urban areas into nearby rural areas, often resulting in the development of single-family homes.
Flour Mills
Industries located near docks that process grains into flour.
Public Transport Accessibility
The degree to which public transport systems are available and reachable for the general population.
Life Expectancy Disparity
Differences in life expectancy between different areas or populations, often linked to socio-economic factors.
Narrow Roads
Roads that are often insufficient to handle high traffic volumes, particularly in older urban areas.
High Density Housing
Residential buildings that accommodate more people within a smaller area, often seen in urban environments.
Methane Production
The emission of methane gas, a potent greenhouse gas, often originating from landfill sites.
Rail Passenger Journeys
The number of trips made by passengers using the train services.
Environmental Problems
Negative impacts on the environment, often caused by human activity, such as pollution and habitat destruction.
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