7 Fluid & Vascular Disorders

Vocabulary flashcards for Fluid & Vascular Disorders II lecture.

Infarction

Process whereby an area of tissue undergoes anoxic necrosis due to an acute interference with its blood supply.

Infarct

The necrotic area of tissue resulting from infarction.

Pale infarcts

Infarcts that arise when the arterial blood supply is obstructed and there are no collateral arterial vessels to the ischaemic site.

Red infarcts

Infarcts that arise when venous drainage is obstructed, there are some collateral vessels, or blood is readmitted after necrosis.

Mixed infarcts

Infarcts that begin as pale infarcts and then have blood supply partially readmitted to some areas but not others.

Hypertension (HT)

An abnormal, persistent rise in systemic blood pressure, typically with systolic values >140 mmHg and diastolic values >90 mmHg.

Primary hypertension

Hypertension where the cause is unknown.

Secondary hypertension

Hypertension where the cause is known.

Benign hypertension

Hypertension with a long course and compatible with long life.

Malignant hypertension

Hypertension with a short course and life-threatening.

Arteriosclerosis

A group of disorders characterized by hardening and loss of elasticity of arteries.

Atherosclerosis

A disorder of the intima, specifically in the aorta and its major branches, characterized by atheroma/atheromatous plaques.

Fatty streaks

Shallow streaks comprising lipid-laden macrophages.

Musculoelastic lesions

Smooth, raised, ovoid, yellow lesions comprising smooth muscle cells, connective tissue, plasma proteins, and lipids.

Typical atheromatous plaques

Lesions characterized by lipid accumulation, injury to the intima, necrosis, and fibrosis.

Complicated atheromatous plaques

Plaques that have undergone degeneration, necrosis, calcification, ulceration, rupture, hemorrhage, thrombosis, or aneurysm formation.

Mönckeberg’s medial calcification

Medium sized muscular arteries predominantly involved e.g. femoral, tibial, coronary; Idiopathic disease with degeneration and necrosis of the medial smooth muscle followed by dystrophic calcification

Arteriolosclerosis

Affects arterioles and small arteries of many tissues (e.g. kidneys, pancreas, spleen, retina, extremities)