Dynamics Chapter 1 Do nows and Vocabulary

Zoonotic diseases

diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans (Covid-19, avian flu, Ebola)

Chronic disease

A long-lasting condition (one year or more) that requires ongoing medical attention or limits daily activities (diabetes, cancer)

Health information technology (health IT)

The use of computers and software to manage patient health information, improve healthcare delivery, and ensure data privacy is known as

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

A federal agency that monitors and works to prevent disease outbreaks and protect public health in the US is the

Health disparities

Differences in health outcomes and access to healthcare across different populations, often linked to social, economic, or environmental disadvantages, are called:

Obesity

A condition of excessive body fat that increases the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease, diabetes, and certain cancers is called

Social determinants of health (SDOH)

The conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age that affect health outcomes (housing, education, income) are called __

Acute infectious disease

A disease that occurs suddenly and last a short time, often caused by bacteria or viruses (pneumonia, tuberculosis) is called ___

Opioid use disorder

A medical condition characterized by misuse of opioids, leading to addiction, overdose, and death

Health equity

The principle that everyone should have a fair and just opportunity to achieve their best possible health by removing barriers like poverty and discrimination

Value-based care

a healthcare delivery model in which providers are paid based on patient health outcomes and the quality of care, not the number of services provided

Life expectancy

The average number of years a person is expected to live, based on current mortality trends

Pandemic

A Global outbreak of a disease that affects a large number of people across countries or continents (COVID-19)

Medicare

A federal program that provides health insurance for people age 65 and older and for some younger people with disabilities

Clinical preventative services

Health services like screenings, immunizations, and counseling aimed at preventing diseases or detecting them early are called

Electronic Health Records (EHRs)

Digital versions of patients’ paper charts that allow healthcare providers to access and share medical information securely are called

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

gear such as masks, gloves, and gowns used by healthcare workers to protect against infection

Medicaid

A joint federal and state program that provides health coverage to low-income individuals and families is called

Affordable Care Act (ACA)

A law passed by the Obama administration in 2010 that aimed to expand health care insurance coverage, reduce health care costs, and improve healthcare quality in the U.S.

Human Genome Project

A research project that mapped all human genes, enabling advances in personalized medicine and genetic testing for disease risk

Infant mortality

The death of a baby before their first birthday; often used as an indicator of a country’s health status

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)

The federal agency that administers Medicare, Medicaid, and related programs; develops value-base initiatives

Telehealth

The use of digital communication technologies to provide healthcare services remotely

According to the text, what is one reason why healthcare costs are so high in the U.S.

There is not enough focus on preventing diseases

According to the text, what was a major factor in the decline of deaths in the 20th century

Improvements in sanitation and hygiene

According to the text, what is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the United States?

Chronic diseases such and heart disease, cancer, and diabetes

In the second half of the nineteenth century in the US, the most critical health problems were related to which of the following?

Industrialization