Histology of Nervous Tissue

Flashcards covering key terms and definitions from the lecture on the histology of nervous tissue.

Nervous System

The system that coordinates actions and responses by transmitting signals between different body parts.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

The part of the nervous system that consists of nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord.

Neuron

The fundamental unit of the nervous system that transmits nerve impulses.

Neuroglia (Glial cells)

Supportive cells in the nervous system that protect and assist neurons.

Dendrites

Branch-like structures of a neuron that receive signals from other cells.

Myelin Sheath

An insulating layer around a nerve fiber, made by Schwann cells in the PNS and oligodendrocytes in the CNS.

Astrocytes

Star-shaped glial cells that provide support and nutrition to neurons, and maintain the blood-brain barrier.

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

A clear liquid that fills the ventricles and bathes the external surfaces of the CNS.

Thalamus

A brain structure that relays sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex.

Hypothalamus

A region of the brain that controls homeostasis and links the nervous system to the endocrine system.

Schwann Cells

Glial cells in the PNS that produce the myelin sheath around neuronal axons.

Meninges

Three protective membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord.

Synapse

The junction between two neurons where information is transmitted.

Endocrine System

The system of glands that secrete hormones to regulate various bodily functions.

Axon

The long, slender projection of a neuron that conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body.

Action Potential

A temporary reversal of the electrical polarization of the neuron membrane that generates a nerve impulse.

Ganglion

A knot-like swelling in a nerve where the cell bodies of neurons are concentrated.

Cerebellum

The part of the brain that functions in motor coordination and balance.

White Matter

Regions of the brain and spinal cord that are primarily made of myelinated axons.

Gray Matter

Regions of the brain and spinal cord that contain neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and synapses.

Neuronal Plasticity

The ability of neurons to change their connections and behavior in response to experience.