Studied by 2 people
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trail of tears
1831- 1850
movements of all indigenous person from appalachians to the mississippi, from the great lakes to the gulf of new mexico
forced displacement
boarding school era
1860
education was tool to assimilate kids into “american” life
“civilize” native peoples
some were forcibly removed from families by police
cut hair, no native foods or songs, christianity taught, emotional and physical abuse
consequences of the boardings school
entire generations lost access to native parenting models, culture, language, and values
separation of families
loss of native languages
emotional trauma
distrust of government, religious and educational institutions
family life
close-knit, extended families are common
elders are in positions of authority
affection with kids is common
kids may be allowed to make decisions for themselves
families are not always knowledgeable about their tribal affiliation
increased prevalence of family violence, incets, homicides, etc.
learning styles
reliance on nonverbal communication
only saying what is necessary
speaking in a soft voice as loud speech indicates anger
displaying a sense of humor and an ability to see humor
long pauses in conversation
observes carefully
accepts intuition, coincidence, feelings, emotions
personal, informal, spontaneous
communication styles
respect is shown by avoiding eye contact (kid to adult)
mothers may not engage verbally with their infant
silence is valued by some tribes
slower response times
children may not answer if they are not confident
language considerations
over 200 native languages spoken in the U.S
many are in jeopardy of being lost
many native languages have no words for “time” , contain no future-tense verbs
english has more vowel sounds than many native languages
