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Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
German naval strategy that provoked US entry into WWI.
Women's Suffrage Protests
Women showcased capabilities to earn voting rights.
Isolationism
Policy of avoiding involvement in foreign conflicts.
Sacco and Vanzetti Case
Italian immigrants convicted without evidence by biased jury.
Palmer Raids
Government crackdown on suspected radicals post-Red Scare.
Ku Klux Klan
Group promoting white supremacy and xenophobia in America.
Harding's Government Philosophy
Advocated for limited government and tax cuts.
Kellogg-Briand Pact
1928 agreement to outlaw war as national policy.
Scopes Trial
Legal case challenging teaching evolution in schools.
Immigration Act of 1917
Restricted entry based on various social criteria.
Emergency Quota Act of 1921
Set maximum immigration limits from foreign countries.
Immigration Act of 1924
Limited European immigration to 2% of current residents.
Prohibition Problems
Led to illegal alcohol trade and increased crime.
Duke Ellington
Influential jazz composer and bandleader in America.
Bessie Smith
First African American superstar and top-paid musician.
Langston Hughes
Prominent poet capturing jazz and blues culture.
Great Depression Causes
Resulted from overproduction, credit issues, and stock market crash.
Rural Bank Failures
Farmers' loan defaults led to widespread bank collapses.
Hoover's Rugged Individualism
Belief in self-reliance without government aid during crises.
Bank Runs
Mass withdrawals leading to bank insolvency and failures.
Federal Reserve Policies
Low interest rates contributed to risky investments.
Shantytowns
Makeshift towns from trash during the Great Depression.
Bonus Army
Group of veterans demanding bonuses; forcibly removed.
Dust Bowl
Severe drought causing famine and migration.
New Deal Goals
Relief, Recovery, and Reform during the Great Depression.
Securities and Exchange Commission
Regulates stock market for safety and honesty.
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Insures bank deposits up to $2,500.
Social Security Act
Pensions for elders, widows, and disabled individuals.
Fair Labor Standards Act
Established minimum wage and maximum working hours.
Huey Long
Senator advocating wealth redistribution through taxation.
Townshend Plan
Guaranteed income for seniors funded by sales tax.
Court Packing Plan
FDR's proposal to add justices to Supreme Court.
WWII Job Creation
War jobs increased production and employment.
U.S. Neutrality Pre-Pearl Harbor
Maintained neutrality; sold supplies to allies.
Appeasement
Policy of conceding to Hitler at Munich Conference.
Blitzkrieg
Fast and coordinated military attack strategy.
Pearl Harbor
Japanese attack on U.S. naval base on Dec 7.
D-Day
Allied invasion of Normandy; turning point in WWII.
V-E Day
Victory in Europe Day; May 8, 1945.
Women's Role in WWII
Women worked in factories and served as nurses.
Arsenal of Democracy
FDR's term for U.S. war material production.
Home Front Contributions
Rationing, war bonds, and victory gardens.
Korematsu v. United States
Supreme Court case on Japanese internment during WWII.
Fred Korematsu
Refused to leave home, violating Executive Order 9066.
Executive Order 9066
Authorized relocation of Japanese Americans to internment camps.
Manhattan Project
Secret U.S. project to develop atomic bomb.
Atomic Bomb Justification
Prevented costly land invasion and showcased power.
Double Victory Campaign
1942 campaign for victory over fascism and racism.
Nuremberg Trials
Trials of Nazi officials for war crimes.
GI Bill of Rights
Provided benefits for WWII veterans, including education.
United Nations
Founded in 1945 to promote global peace.
Truman Doctrine
U.S. support for countries threatened by communism.
Marshall Plan
$13 billion aid to rebuild Western Europe post-WWII.
Containment
Preventing the spread of communism globally.
NATO
Military alliance including U.S. and Western European nations.
Berlin Blockade
Soviet blockade of West Berlin, countered by airlift.
Baby Boom
Significant increase in birth rates post-WWII.
Growth of Suburbs
Rapid suburban development using assembly line techniques.
Korean War
Conflict establishing the 38th parallel as a border.
Alger Hiss
Accused of espionage, convicted of perjury.
Rosenbergs
Executed for passing atomic secrets to Soviets.
Hungarian Uprising
National protest against Soviet control in Hungary.
McCarthyism
Fear-driven anti-communist hysteria in the U.S.
Sputnik
Soviet satellite launch that escalated U.S. tensions.
Eisenhower Doctrine
U.S. military support for Middle Eastern nations.
U-2 Incident
U.S. spy plane shot down over Soviet territory.
Peace Corps
Program sending volunteers for humanitarian service abroad.
Bay of Pigs Invasion
Failed U.S. attempt to overthrow Castro in Cuba.
Cuban Missile Crisis
Confrontation between U.S. and USSR over missiles.
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
Agreement to prohibit nuclear testing globally.
Great Society
LBJ's initiative to combat poverty and injustice.
Domino Theory
Belief that communism spreads from one nation to others.
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Authorized military action in Southeast Asia.
Brown v. Board of Education
Supreme Court ruling against school segregation.
Little Rock Nine
Integration effort met with resistance in Arkansas.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Prohibited discrimination based on race and other factors.
Malcolm X
Advocated for black empowerment and self-defense.
Conservatism
Political ideology favoring tradition and limited government.
Liberalism
Political ideology supporting strong government and tolerance.
Bill Clinton Impeachment
Impeached for perjury, acquitted by Senate.
Election of 2000
Bush won presidency despite losing popular vote.
U.S.A Patriot Act
Expanded law enforcement powers against terrorism.
2008 Election
Barack Obama became first black U.S. president.