Key Events and Themes in 20th Century American History

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83 Terms

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Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

German naval strategy that provoked US entry into WWI.

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Women's Suffrage Protests

Women showcased capabilities to earn voting rights.

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Isolationism

Policy of avoiding involvement in foreign conflicts.

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Sacco and Vanzetti Case

Italian immigrants convicted without evidence by biased jury.

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Palmer Raids

Government crackdown on suspected radicals post-Red Scare.

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Ku Klux Klan

Group promoting white supremacy and xenophobia in America.

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Harding's Government Philosophy

Advocated for limited government and tax cuts.

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Kellogg-Briand Pact

1928 agreement to outlaw war as national policy.

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Scopes Trial

Legal case challenging teaching evolution in schools.

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Immigration Act of 1917

Restricted entry based on various social criteria.

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Emergency Quota Act of 1921

Set maximum immigration limits from foreign countries.

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Immigration Act of 1924

Limited European immigration to 2% of current residents.

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Prohibition Problems

Led to illegal alcohol trade and increased crime.

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Duke Ellington

Influential jazz composer and bandleader in America.

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Bessie Smith

First African American superstar and top-paid musician.

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Langston Hughes

Prominent poet capturing jazz and blues culture.

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Great Depression Causes

Resulted from overproduction, credit issues, and stock market crash.

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Rural Bank Failures

Farmers' loan defaults led to widespread bank collapses.

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Hoover's Rugged Individualism

Belief in self-reliance without government aid during crises.

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Bank Runs

Mass withdrawals leading to bank insolvency and failures.

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Federal Reserve Policies

Low interest rates contributed to risky investments.

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Shantytowns

Makeshift towns from trash during the Great Depression.

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Bonus Army

Group of veterans demanding bonuses; forcibly removed.

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Dust Bowl

Severe drought causing famine and migration.

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New Deal Goals

Relief, Recovery, and Reform during the Great Depression.

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Securities and Exchange Commission

Regulates stock market for safety and honesty.

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Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

Insures bank deposits up to $2,500.

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Social Security Act

Pensions for elders, widows, and disabled individuals.

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Fair Labor Standards Act

Established minimum wage and maximum working hours.

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Huey Long

Senator advocating wealth redistribution through taxation.

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Townshend Plan

Guaranteed income for seniors funded by sales tax.

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Court Packing Plan

FDR's proposal to add justices to Supreme Court.

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WWII Job Creation

War jobs increased production and employment.

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U.S. Neutrality Pre-Pearl Harbor

Maintained neutrality; sold supplies to allies.

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Appeasement

Policy of conceding to Hitler at Munich Conference.

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Blitzkrieg

Fast and coordinated military attack strategy.

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Pearl Harbor

Japanese attack on U.S. naval base on Dec 7.

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D-Day

Allied invasion of Normandy; turning point in WWII.

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V-E Day

Victory in Europe Day; May 8, 1945.

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Women's Role in WWII

Women worked in factories and served as nurses.

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Arsenal of Democracy

FDR's term for U.S. war material production.

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Home Front Contributions

Rationing, war bonds, and victory gardens.

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Korematsu v. United States

Supreme Court case on Japanese internment during WWII.

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Fred Korematsu

Refused to leave home, violating Executive Order 9066.

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Executive Order 9066

Authorized relocation of Japanese Americans to internment camps.

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Manhattan Project

Secret U.S. project to develop atomic bomb.

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Atomic Bomb Justification

Prevented costly land invasion and showcased power.

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Double Victory Campaign

1942 campaign for victory over fascism and racism.

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Nuremberg Trials

Trials of Nazi officials for war crimes.

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GI Bill of Rights

Provided benefits for WWII veterans, including education.

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United Nations

Founded in 1945 to promote global peace.

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Truman Doctrine

U.S. support for countries threatened by communism.

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Marshall Plan

$13 billion aid to rebuild Western Europe post-WWII.

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Containment

Preventing the spread of communism globally.

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NATO

Military alliance including U.S. and Western European nations.

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Berlin Blockade

Soviet blockade of West Berlin, countered by airlift.

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Baby Boom

Significant increase in birth rates post-WWII.

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Growth of Suburbs

Rapid suburban development using assembly line techniques.

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Korean War

Conflict establishing the 38th parallel as a border.

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Alger Hiss

Accused of espionage, convicted of perjury.

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Rosenbergs

Executed for passing atomic secrets to Soviets.

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Hungarian Uprising

National protest against Soviet control in Hungary.

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McCarthyism

Fear-driven anti-communist hysteria in the U.S.

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Sputnik

Soviet satellite launch that escalated U.S. tensions.

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Eisenhower Doctrine

U.S. military support for Middle Eastern nations.

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U-2 Incident

U.S. spy plane shot down over Soviet territory.

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Peace Corps

Program sending volunteers for humanitarian service abroad.

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Bay of Pigs Invasion

Failed U.S. attempt to overthrow Castro in Cuba.

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Cuban Missile Crisis

Confrontation between U.S. and USSR over missiles.

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Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

Agreement to prohibit nuclear testing globally.

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Great Society

LBJ's initiative to combat poverty and injustice.

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Domino Theory

Belief that communism spreads from one nation to others.

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Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Authorized military action in Southeast Asia.

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Brown v. Board of Education

Supreme Court ruling against school segregation.

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Little Rock Nine

Integration effort met with resistance in Arkansas.

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Civil Rights Act of 1964

Prohibited discrimination based on race and other factors.

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Malcolm X

Advocated for black empowerment and self-defense.

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Conservatism

Political ideology favoring tradition and limited government.

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Liberalism

Political ideology supporting strong government and tolerance.

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Bill Clinton Impeachment

Impeached for perjury, acquitted by Senate.

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Election of 2000

Bush won presidency despite losing popular vote.

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U.S.A Patriot Act

Expanded law enforcement powers against terrorism.

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2008 Election

Barack Obama became first black U.S. president.