Pakistan People’s Party: From Populism to Patronage

These flashcards cover key concepts and events related to the Pakistan People's Party, its leaders, and their impacts on Pakistani politics.

What was the origin of the Pakistan People’s Party (PPP)?

The PPP was established by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto on December 1, 1967, following the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.

What does the Roman Urdu phrase "roti, kapra, aur makan" symbolize in the context of Bhutto's politics?

It symbolizes the PPP's left-populist program aiming to provide bread, clothing, and shelter for all.

How did Zulfikar Ali Bhutto rise to political prominence?

He became well-known in Pakistan and abroad after joining Ayub Khan's cabinet and later opposing the Tashkent Declaration following the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.

What characterized Bhutto's approach to leadership after assuming power?

He took an authoritarian approach, often sidelining the original leaders of the PPP and increasing reliance on the military and bureaucracy.

What was a key consequence of the 1970 elections for the PPP?

The PPP won a majority, gaining 62 of 82 National Assembly seats from Punjab, which marked a significant shift in Pakistan's political landscape.

What achievements are attributed to Bhutto during his governance between 1972 and 1977?

He reestablished parliamentary governance in Pakistan, initiated a nuclear weapons program, and pushed for land reforms.

What led to the downfall of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto?

His reliance on bureaucracy and authoritarian tactics culminated in widespread accusations of corruption and electoral manipulation, leading to his arrest and execution.

Who succeeded Zulfikar Ali Bhutto as a prominent leader of the PPP?

His daughter, Benazir Bhutto, took over the leadership after his execution in 1979.

What was a major impact of General Zia-ul-Haq's regime on Pakistani politics?

Zia's Islamization program aimed to eliminate party politics and reshape Pakistani society according to Islamist ideals.

How did the PPP perform in the 2018 national elections?

The PPP suffered its worst defeat since 1997, securing only 43 seats, primarily in Sindh, while being sidelined in other provinces.