Epithelium and glands
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177 Terms
What are the four basic types of tissues?
Connective tissue | epithelial tissue | muscle tissue | nervous tissue
What is epithelial tissue?
Tissue that covers body surfaces | lines internal closed cavities | forms glands and their ducts | and forms receptors of certain sensory organs
What does avascular mean?
It means there are no blood vessels within the tissue
Is epithelial tissue vascular or avascular?
Avascular
What does epithelial tissue cover?
The exterior surfaces of the body
What does epithelial tissue line?
Internal closed cavities
What gland structures are formed by epithelial tissue?
The secretory portions of glands and their ducts
What sensory role can epithelial tissue have?
It can make up receptors of certain sensory organs
How are epithelial cells arranged?
In sheets
What are intercellular junctions?
Connections between neighboring epithelial cells
What is another name for intercellular junctions?
Junctional complexes
What are the three surface domains of epithelial cells?
Apical surface | lateral surface | basal surface
What is the apical surface of an epithelial cell?
The free or top surface
What is the lateral surface of an epithelial cell?
The side that faces neighboring cells
What is the basal surface of an epithelial cell?
The bottom surface
What do epithelial cells rest on?
The basal lamina
What is the basal lamina?
A non-cellular protein-polysaccharide-rich layer underneath epithelial cells
Is the basal lamina made of cells?
No | it is non-cellular
What is the basal lamina rich in?
Protein and polysaccharide
What two features are used to classify epithelium?
Cell arrangement and cell shape
Is epithelium classified according to function?
No | it is classified according to cell arrangement and cell shape
What does simple epithelium mean?
The epithelium is one cell layer thick
What does stratified epithelium mean?
The epithelium has two or more cell layers
What is an easy way to remember simple epithelium?
Simple = single layer
What is an easy way to remember stratified epithelium?
Stratified = stacked layers
What are the three main epithelial cell shapes?
Squamous | cuboidal | columnar
What does squamous mean?
The cells are flat and their width is greater than their height
What does cuboidal mean?
The width | depth | and height of the cells are approximately the same
What does columnar mean?
The cells are tall and their height greatly exceeds their width
What is simple squamous epithelium?
One layer of flat cells
How many cell layers are present in simple squamous epithelium?
One
Where is simple squamous epithelium found in blood vessels?
It lines blood vessels
Where is simple squamous epithelium found in the kidney?
It lines Bowman's capsule
Where is simple squamous epithelium found in the lungs?
It lines respiratory spaces
What are the functions of squamous cells?
Exchange | barrier in the central nervous system | exchange and lubrication | barrier between compartments
Why is the thin shape of simple squamous epithelium useful for exchange?
Its flat thin structure creates a thin barrier across which exchange can occur
What general stain is shown with simple squamous epithelium in the lecture?
Hematoxylin and eosin
What does H&E stand for?
Hematoxylin and eosin
What colors are associated with the hematoxylin and eosin stain on the slide?
Purple and pink
What epithelial tissue is shown surrounding a blood vessel in the lecture?
Simple squamous epithelium
What is simple cuboidal epithelium?
One layer of cells whose width | depth | and height are approximately the same
How many layers are in simple cuboidal epithelium?
One
Where is simple cuboidal epithelium found in the thyroid?
In the follicle walls
Where is simple cuboidal epithelium found in the kidney?
In the walls of kidney tubules | especially collecting ducts
Where is simple cuboidal epithelium found in the ovary?
On the surface of the ovary
Where is simple cuboidal epithelium found in exocrine glands?
In small ducts of exocrine glands
What two examples of simple cuboidal epithelium are shown in the histology images?
Collecting duct of the nephron and thyroid gland
What is columnar epithelium?
Epithelium made of cells whose height greatly exceeds their width
What is low columnar epithelium?
Columnar epithelium in which the cell height only slightly exceeds the width
What is simple columnar epithelium?
One layer of tall cells
How many cell layers are in simple columnar epithelium?
One
Where is simple columnar epithelium found in the digestive tract?
It lines the intestinal tract from the stomach to the rectum
Where is simple columnar epithelium found in the female reproductive system?
It lines the uterus and cervix
Where is simple columnar epithelium found in the gallbladder?
It lines the gallbladder
What are the three functions of columnar epithelium listed in the lecture?
Absorption | secretion | barrier
What is absorption?
Taking substances into cells or the body
What is secretion?
Production and release of a substance by a cell
What does barrier mean in epithelial tissue?
A layer that separates and protects different areas or compartments
What structures are labeled in the simple columnar epithelium histology image?
Apical surface | nucleus | basal surface | basement membrane
Where is the apical surface of simple columnar epithelium?
At the free surface facing the open space
Where is the basal surface of simple columnar epithelium?
At the bottom of the epithelial cells near the basement membrane
What is compound epithelium another name for?
Stratified epithelium
What is pseudostratified epithelium?
Epithelium that appears stratified but is actually simple
What does pseudo mean in pseudostratified?
False
Why does pseudostratified epithelium look stratified?
Some cells do not reach the free surface and the cells and nuclei appear at different heights
Do all pseudostratified epithelial cells reach the free surface?
No
Do all pseudostratified epithelial cells rest on the basal lamina?
Yes
Is pseudostratified epithelium actually simple or stratified?
It is actually simple epithelium
What is the most important rule for identifying pseudostratified epithelium?
All cells rest on the basal lamina even though not all cells reach the free surface
Where is pseudostratified epithelium found in the respiratory tract?
In the trachea and bronchi
What surface specialization is associated with pseudostratified epithelium in the trachea and bronchi?
Cilia
Where is pseudostratified epithelium found in the male reproductive system?
Epididymis and ductus deferens
What surface specialization is associated with pseudostratified epithelium in the epididymis?
Stereocilia
What epithelial type should you associate with the trachea?
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
What is transitional epithelium?
A stratified epithelium that accommodates distension and serves as a barrier
Is transitional epithelium simple or stratified?
Stratified
What does distension mean?
Stretching or expansion
What important functional ability does transitional epithelium have?
It accommodates distension
What additional function does transitional epithelium perform?
It serves as a barrier
Where is transitional epithelium found?
Urinary bladder | part of the urethra | ureter | renal calyces
What epithelial type lines the urinary bladder?
Transitional epithelium
What epithelial type lines the ureter?
Transitional epithelium
What epithelial type lines the renal calyces?
Transitional epithelium
What body system should you strongly associate with transitional epithelium?
The urinary system
Why is transitional epithelium useful in the urinary bladder?
It accommodates distension as the bladder stretches
What is stratified squamous epithelium?
Multiple layers of epithelial cells with squamous cells in the superficial layer
How many layers does stratified squamous epithelium have?
Multiple layers
Which cells determine the squamous name in stratified squamous epithelium?
The superficial or surface cells
What does superficial mean?
Located at or near the surface
What are the main functions of stratified squamous epithelium?
Barrier and protection of the body
What are the two forms of stratified squamous epithelium?
Keratinized and non-keratinized
Where is stratified squamous epithelium found according to the lecture?
Epidermis | lining of the oral cavity | lining of the vagina
What are examples of non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?
Esophagus | vagina | tongue
What is the main example of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?
Skin
What epithelial tissue should you associate with skin?
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
What epithelial tissue should you associate with the esophagus?
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
What epithelial tissue should you associate with the vagina?
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
What epithelial tissue should you associate with the tongue?
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
What is the basic difference between keratinized and non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium in the lecture examples?
Keratinized is associated with skin while non-keratinized is associated with the esophagus | vagina | and tongue
What are glands?
A single cell or a mass of epithelial cells adapted for secretion