Kinesiology Upper Limbs

glenohumeral flexion

anterior deltoid, pectoralis major, biceps brachii

glenohumeral extension

posterior deltoid, teres major, latissimus dorsi, triceps brachii

glenohumeral abduction

middle deltoid, supraspinatus

glenohumeral adduction 

latissimus dorsi, teres major, pectoralis major 

glenohumeral internal rotation

latissimus dorsi, teres major, subscapularis

glenohumeral external rotation

infraspinatus, teres minor, posterior deltoid

glenohumeral horizontal abduction 

posterior deltoid

glenohumeral adduction

pectoralis major

scapula protraction

serratus anterior

scapula retraction 

middle trapezius, rhomboids

scapula upward rotation

upper trapezius, lower trapezius, serratus anterior

scapula downward rotation

pectoralis minor, rhomboid

scapula elevation 

levator scapula, upper trapezius, rhomboid 

scapula depression

lower trapezius, pectoralis minor

elbow flexors

biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, pronator teres

elbow extensors

triceps brachii, anconeus 

radioulnar pronators

pronator teres, pronator quadratus, brachioradialis

radioulnar supinator

biceps brachii, supinator, brachioradialis

wrist flexors 

flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus

wrist extensors

extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, extensor indicis, extensor digiti minimi, extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis

finger flexors

flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus

finger extensors 

extensor digitorum, extensor indicis, extensor digiti minimi, extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis 

ulnar deviation

flexor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi ulnaris

radial deviation

flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis

phalangeal flexion 

flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus

phalangeal extension

extensor digitorum, extensor indicis, extensor digiti minimi, exntesor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis

sternoclavicular joint

clavicle with manubrium, clavicle moves up/down, forward/backward, and rotates

acromioclavicular joint

gliding articulation of lateral end of clavicle with acromion process

glenohumeral joint

shoulder joint, multiaxial ball and socket (3 degrees of freedom)

humeroulnar joint

elbow, ginglymus/hinge joint, only flexion/extension

ulnar collateral ligament

prevents elbow from abducting when stressed

radial collateral ligament

provides lateral stability and is rarely injured

carrying angle

in anatomical position the forearm deviates laterally from the arm 5 to 15 degrees

radioulnar joint

trochoid joint, supinates/pronates

radiocarpal joint

wrist, condyloid type

3 joints on fingers

metacarpophalangeal (MCP), proximal interphalangeal (PIP), distal interphalangeal (DIP)