NUR 400 Exam 5 Study Guide – Health Promotion

These flashcards cover important principles from Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory, Pender’s Health Promotion Model, USPSTF recommendations, cognitive assessments, anxiety recognition, and PTSD symptoms to assist in preparing for the NUR 400 exam.

What is the main principle of Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory?

• We learn by watching others, and behavior change depends on self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and environmental support.

Tip: “I See RED” (Self-regulation, Self-efficacy, & Self-direction)

Define Observational Learning in Bandura's theory.

• Learning that occurs by watching others and modeling their behavior.

What does self-efficacy refer to in Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory?

• A person's belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations.

What influences outcome expectations according to Bandura's theory?

• The positive or negative expectations about the results of one's actions.

What is reciprocal determinism in Bandura's theory?

• The interaction between behavior, personal factors, and the environment influencing each other.

How can nurses boost a patient's confidence according to Bandura’s theory?

• By showing success stories, providing positive reinforcement, and helping set achievable goals.

What is Pender’s Health Promotion Model based on?

• Understanding what motivates individuals, what barriers exist, and their past experiences to guide healthy choices.

What are the two major areas of focus in Pender’s Health Promotion Model?

• Individual characteristics and experiences, and behavior-specific thoughts and feelings.

What determines a behavioral outcome in Pender’s model?

• If perceived benefits outweigh perceived barriers, along with self-efficacy and supportive influences.

Define the USPSTF Grades of Recommendation.

• A classification system providing recommendations based on the strength of scientific evidence for screenings and services.

• The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) assigns grades (A, B, C, D, and I) to recommendations for preventive services based on the balance of benefits and harms, and the quality of evidence supporting them.

What does Grade A in USPSTF recommendations signify?

• High certainty the service has a big benefit.

• 🩺 Nursing example: Pap smears for cervical cancer screening in women ages 21–65.

• ✅Action: Strongly recommend to all eligible patients.

• “A” “Absolutely do it”

What does Grade B in USPSTF recommendations signify?

• High to moderate certainty the benefit is moderate to substantial.

• 🩺 Example: Screening for high blood pressure in adults.

• ✅ Action: Recommend in routine care.

What is a Grade C recommendation in the USPSTF system?

• Grade C – “Consider it, case by case.”

  • Moderate certainty of a small benefit.

  • 💬 Might be right for some patients based on individual needs or preferences.

  • 🩺 Example: Prostate cancer screening in younger men.

  • 🧠 Action: Use clinical judgment and shared decision-making.

What does Grade D indicate in the USPSTF recommendations?

• 🔴 Grade D – “Don’t do it.”

  • Moderate to high certainty that there’s no benefit—or more harm than good.

  • 🩺 Example: PSA screening in men over 75.

  • 🚫 Action: Discourage using this service.

What are the components of cognition included in the acronym ‘Memory -TALK'?

• M – Memory (short-term, long-term recall)

• T – Thinking (logical reasoning, decision-making)

• A – Attention (focus, concentration)

• L – Language (understanding and expressing through words)

• K – Knowledge (learning, storing, and applying information)

List two common physiological reactions of anxiety.

• These are body-based responses—things you can often see, measure, or feel physically

• Increased heart rate (tachycardia)

• Rapid breathing (hyperventilation)

• Sweating (diaphoresis)

• Shaking or trembling

• Dry mouth

• Muscle tension

• Upset stomach / nausea

• Pacing or fidgeting

• Dilated pupils

What are two psychological reactions of anxiety?

• These are mind-based responses—more about how a person thinks or feels:

  • Excessive worry or fear

  • Racing thoughts

  • Difficulty concentrating or focusing

  • Confusion or feeling “foggy”

  • Irritability

  • Restlessness

  • Feeling overwhelmed

  • Intrusive thoughts or irrational fears (e.g., catastrophizing)

What are some examples of effective nurse responses during patient anxiety?

• Using a calm tone, asking open-ended questions, normalizing feelings.

Identify a nursing intervention for a patient at the panic level of anxiety.

• Ensure safety by providing limit-setting and a calm presence.

What can trigger PTSD symptoms in individuals?

• People, places, sounds, smells, or situations that remind someone of the trauma.

What are the key components to recognize cognitive impairment?

• Difference between normal aging (mild forgetfulness) and abnormal signs (disorientation, frequent memory loss).