Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

What is autism spectrum disorder?

• Group of complex developmental disorders

• Primarily affects:

  • Social interaction

  • Communication

  • Behavior

• Repetitive behaviors are common

• Functional severity varies widely

What is the etiology of autism spectrum disorder?

• xact cause is not fully understood

• Considered multifactorial

• Factors may include:

  • Genetic influences

  • Environmental influences

What are common signs and symptoms of ASD?

• Delayed or absent purposeful speech

• Reduced facial expression

• Difficulty understanding nonverbal cues

• Limited social interaction

• Repetitive behaviors

• Preoccupation with routines

• Sensory-processing differences

• Decreased coordination may occur

What behavioral characteristics may be seen with ASD?

• Limited interest in social interaction

• Difficulty with social cues

• Repetitive self-stimulating behaviors

• Perseveration

• Rigid routines or rituals

• Variable response to sensory stimulation

What is the rehabilitation treatment focus for ASD?

• Multidisciplinary treatment

• Improve social communication

• Improve functional participation

• Decrease nonpurposeful movement

• Address sensory-processing difficulties

• Improve gross and fine motor skills when needed