utl mod 4.1

part 1 ng module 4 utl finals term quiz 2 teh

HIGH PITCH HIGH FREQUENCY

LOW FREQUENCY LOW PITCH

WAVELENGTH, PERIOD, FREQUENCY, VELOCITY, AMPLITUDE

WHAT ARE THE PROPERTIES OF SOUND?

WAVELENGTH

IS A MEASURE OF DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO IDENTICAL PEAKS OR CRESTS (HIGH POINTS) OR BETWEEN TWO IDENTICAL TROUGHS (LOW POINTS) IN A WAVE.

PERIOD

A TIME PERIOD (DENOTED BY T) IS THE TIME TAKEN FOR ONE COMPLETE CYCLE OF VIBRATION TO PASS A GIVEN TIME. AS THE FREQUENCY OF A WAVE INCREASES, THE TIME PERIOD OF WAVE DECREASES.

FREQUENCY

IS THE SPEED OF THE VIBRATION, AND THIS DETERMINES THE PITCH OF THE SOUND.

FREQUENCY

IS MEASURED AS THE NUMBER OF WAVE CYCLES THAT OCCUR IN A SECOND.

HERTZ (HZ)

UNIT FOR FREQUENCY IS?

VELOCITY

THE SOUND THIS PROPERTY OF SOUND WAVELENGTH THROUGH A GIVEN MATERIAL IS THE DISTANCE THAT THE SOUND ENERGY WILL PROPAGATE IN THAT MATERIAL IN A GIVEN TIME.

SOUND VELOCITY

DEPENDS UPON THE MEDIUM AND ALSO, IN THE CASE OF GASES, UPON THE TEMPERATURE

VELOCITY

SOUND VELOCITY IS USUALLY EXPRESSED IN FEET PER SECOND.

VELOCITY

SOUND TRAVELS AT DIFFERENT ____ DEPENDING UPON THE MEDIUM. IN ALR, AT SEA LEVEL, SOUND ____ IS 344 M/SEC OR 1130 FPS.

344 M/SEC OR 1130 FPS

SOUND VELOCITY TRAVELS DIFFERENT DEPENDING ON THE MEDIUM, IN AIR, AT SEA LEVEL, SOUND IS…?

AMPLITUDE

IS THE FLUCTUATION OR DISPLACEMENT OF A WAVE FROM ITS MEAN VALUE.

SOUND AMPLITUDE

SOUND ____ IS EXPERIENCED AS THE LOUDNESS OF SOUND.

SOUND PROPAGATION

TRANSMISSION OF ACOUSTIC ENERGY THROUGH A MEDIUM VIA A SOUND WAVE. SOUND IS A WAVES OF PRESSURE, WHICH PROPAGATES THROUGH COMPRESSIBLE MEDIA, SUCH AS AIR, WATER, OR SOLID. WAVES CAN BE REFLECTED, REFRACTED, OR ATTENUATED BY THE MEDIUM.

DENSITY AND PRESSURE, MOTION OF MEDIUM, VISCOSITY OF MEDIUM.

PROPERTIES AFFECTING SOUND PROPAGATION.

PITCH, LOUDNESS, TIMBRE

CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUND

PITCH

IT IS RELATED TO FREQUENCY OF SOUND.

LOUDNESS

IT IS RELATED TO INTENSITY OF SOUND.

TIMBRE

IT IS RELATED TO QUALITY OF SOUND.

PITCH

SENSATION THAT DEPENDS UPON THE FREQUENCY.

PITCH

HELPS DISTINGUISH BETWEEN A NOTE OF HIGH FREQUENCY AND LOW FREQUENCY OF THE SAME INTENSITY PRODUCED.

LOUDNESS

DEPENDS UPON INTENSITY AND ALSO UPON THE SENSITIVENESS OF THE EAR.

LOUDNESS

DEGREE OF SENSATION PRODUCED ON EAR.

TIMBRE

QUALITY OF SOUND WHICH ENABLES TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN TWO (2) SOUNDS HAVING THE SAME LOUDNESS AND PITCH.

TIMBRE

HELOS DISTINGUISH NOTES FROM DIFFERENT INSTRUMENT OR VOICE.

ORDERED, DISORDERED

SOUND SOURCES MAY BE CLASSIFIED AS?

ORDERED

INSTANTANEOUS PRESSURE FOLLOWS A REGULAR PATTERN.

DISORDERED

PRACTICALLY ALL FREQUENCIES ARE PRESENT AND THAT HIGHLY IRREGULAR IN NATURE.

SOUND INTENSITY

DEFINED AS THE SOUND POWER PER UNIT AREA.

SOUND INTENSITY

LT IS THE MEASUREMENT OF SOUND INTENSITY IN THE AIR AT A RECEIVER'S LOCATION.

SOUND INTENSITY

UNIT FOR SOUND INTENSITY IS WATTS PER SQUARE METER OR WATTS PER SQUARE CENTIMETERS.

SOUND PRESSURE

ALSO KNOWN AS ACOUSTIC PRESSURE.

SOUND PRESSURE

LOCAL PRESSURE DEVIATION FROM THE AMBIENT ATMOSPHERIC ORESSURE, CAUSE BY SOUND WAVES.

SOUND PRESSURE

SI UNIT FOR SOUND PRESSURE IS PASCAL (PA).

SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL (SPL)

ALSO KNOWN AS SOUND LEVEL.

SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL (SPL)

RELATIVE QUANTITY IN THE RATIO BETWEEN THE ACTUAL SOUND PRESSURE AND A FIXED REFERENCE PRESSURE.

SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL (SPL)

MEASURED IN DECIBELS (DB)

SPL

MAY BE MEASURED WITH A SOUND LEVEL METER.

BEHAVIOUR OF SOUND

WHEN A SOUND WAVE PROPAGATES IN A CLOSED SPACE AND STRIKES ONE OF THE SURFACES, IT MAY UNDERGO ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING BEHAVIORS; REFLECTION, DIFFUSION, DIFFRACTION, RESONANCE, ABSORPTION

REFLECTION, DIFFUSION, DIFFRACTION, RESONANCE, ABSORPTION

WHAT ARE THE BEHAVIOUR OF SOUND?

FACTORS AFFECTING SOUND BEHAVIOR

ROOM CONFIGURATION, DIMENSION, BUILDING MATERIALS, & EVEN FURNITURE

THE WAY SOUND BEHAVES IN AN ENCLOSED SPACE DEPENDS ON THE FOLLOWING FACTORS:

ATTENUATION DUE TO DISTANCE, AUDIENCE ABSORPTION OF DIRECT SOUND, SURFACE ABSORPTION OF DIRECT & REFLECTED SOUND, REFLECTION OF RE-ENTRANT ANGLE, EDGE DIFFRACTION, SOUND SHADOW, PRIMARY REFLECTION, PANEL RESONANCE

EDGE DIFFRACTION

RESULTS IN THE CURVATURE OF SOUND WAVES AROUND THE EDGE OF BARRIERS.

SOUND SHADOW

BARRIER INTERRUPTING A SOUND WAVE WILL CREATE A SHADOW.

PRIMARY REFLECTION

ANGLE OF INCIDENCE = ANGLE OF REFLECTION.

PRIMARY REFLECTION

NATURE OF SOUND REFLECTOR IS IMPORTANT.

PANEL RESONANCE

SOUND WAVE CAN PROPAGATE THROUGH A SOLID MATERIAL BY PANEL VIBRATION.

PANEL RESONANCE

SOUND DOES NOT PENETRATE THE MATERIAL BUT RATHER CAUSES THIS TO VIBRATE AND ACT AS ASOUND SOURCE ITSELF.

PANEL RESONANCE

PANEL MAY VIBRATE THROUGH DIRECT AND/OR REFLECTED SOUND WAVES.

REFLECTION

WHEN A SOUND WAVE STRIKES A SURFACE, SOME OF THE WAVE WILL BOUNCE BACK IN DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS.

REFLECTION

IN ENCLOSED SPACE, THE SOUND WAVES HIT EVERY SIDE OF ENCLOSURE UNTIL IT REDUCES TO ZERO.

REFLECTION

THE AMOUNT OF SOUND WAVES REFLECTED VARIES AND DEPENDS ON THE SMOOTHNESS, SIZE, AND SOFTNESS OF THE MATERIALS WITHIN THE ENCLOSURE.

DIFFUSION

SCATTERING OF SOUND WAVES FROM A SURFACE.

DIFFUSION

THE REFLECTION ANGLE VARIES ACCORDING TO WHICH SURFACE INCIDENT SOUND HITS, THUS SCATTERING THE SOUND WAVES IN MANV ANGLES.

DIFFUSION

DIRECTION OF INCIDENT RAY CHANGES WHEN IT STRIKES THE SURFACE.

DIFFUSION

SATISFACTION IS ACHIEVED WHEN SOUND IS HEARD IN ALL DIRECTION AT EQUAL LEVEL.

DIFFRACTION

IS THE BENDING AND SPREADING OUT OF LIGHT OR SOUND WAVES AROUND AN OBJECT.

DIFFRACTION

WHEN A SOUND WAVE IH TEEEIAIAIAAIALLL AS A WALL OR AN APERTURE SUCH AS A DOOR, THE WAVE ENERGY BENDS AROUND THE OBJECT OR OPENING, THUS CHANGING DIRECTION.

DIFFRACTION

A PERSON IN A ROOM CAN HEAR ANOTHER PERSON IN AN ADJACENT HALLWAY, BECAUSE SOUND WAVES CAN BEND AROUND TO TRAVEL INTO THE ROOM. SIMILARLY, LIGHT WAVES CAN SHINE INTO A ROOM THROUGH A KEYHOLE, BENDING AT DIFFERENT ANGLES TO PROVIDE LIGHT TO A WIDER AREA WITHIN A ROOM.

RESONANCE

IS THE RESULT OF AN ITEM VIBRATING AFTER BEING EXPOSED TO SOUND WAVES AT THE RESONANT FREQUENCY.

RESONANCE

IF THE FREQUENCY OF SOUND WAVE IS EXACTLY THE SAME OBJECT'S NATURAL FREQUENCY, STANDING WAVES WILL FORM IN THE OBJECT.

ABSORPTION

THE LOSS OF SOUND ENERGY WHEN SOUND WAVES COME INTO CONTACT WITH A MATERIAL OR FINISHES (ESPECIALLY SOUND ABSORPTIVE MATERIAL) SUCH PRESENT IN CEILINGS, WALLS, FLOORS AND OTHER OBJECTS WITHIN THE ROOM OR AREA. AS A RESULT, THE SOUND DOES NOT REFLECT BACK INTO SPACE.