PSYCH 101 EXAM 2

Gestalt psychologist have pointed to a number of principles to describe how sound elements are either grouped to form a single sound object or are segregated to form multiple sound objects. According to these rules:

Sounds that are in close proximity, time, or frequency tend to be grouped together

The Muller-Lyer illusion describes a case where a:

Line with arrow tips pointed inward appears to be longer than one with arrow tips pointed outward

When you move your head in one direction your eyes reflexively move in the opposite direction to compensate, allowing you to maintain your gaze on the object that you are looking at. This reflex is called the:

Vestibule-ocular reflex

What source of information relies on the fact that a sound source on the left will generate sound that will reach the left ear slightly before it reaches the right ear?

Interaural time differences (ITD)

The ability to view the world in three dimensions and to perceive distance- a skill known as depth perception- is largely a result of:

Binocular Disparity

The _______ is important in that it functions to collect and amplify sound

Outer ear

The structure of the ear that transduce sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the

Cochlea

The perception associated with the amplitude of a sound wave is

loudness

When we perceive the characteristics of external objects as remaining the same even though the retinal image has changed, ______ has been maintained.

Perceptual constancy

The function of the three tiny bones of the middle ear is to

Amplify sound waves being relayed to the oval window

The difference between the image of a scene received by the right eye and that received by the left eye can serve as a depth cue termed binocular:

Disparity

When you are at a coffee shop and hear the clink of dishes, the patter of conversation, and the rush of traffic outside, this is an example of

Auditory scene analysis

Drinking multiple cups of coffee within four hours of going to sleep will lead to:

More time in light sleep and less time in deep sleep

______ refers to uncontrollable sleeping that occurs for short periods while a person is awake

narcolepsy

Your psychology professor calls on you during class. The first thought that goes through your mind is, "why me?". This thought could be characterized as

Consciousness

REM sleep is associated with which feature of sleep

Dreaming

Research suggests that sleep functions include

Physical and brain development, improved performance, strengthening memories

Which sleep disturbance is correctly matched with its description?

Sleep apnea- difficulty breathing during sleep

_____ is a condition in which a person has difficulty breathing while sleeping.

Sleep Apnea

Gordon, who acquired amnesia due to a viral infection, participated in a memory experiment. He is likely to

Be capable of learning but do poorly on a free recall test of memory

In this stage of sleep, the individual is just entering sleep and the EEG closely resembles that of a person who is awake

Stage 1

When people are deprived of REM sleep, they show which of the following behaviors when they can rest without disturbance?

More REM sleep than normal

1. Four-year old Isla falls asleep shortly after her 8:30PM bedtime. At about 9:45, she suddenly sits up in bed breathing rapidly and appearing to be in a state of sheer panic. Isla is experiencing:

Night Terrors

1. Kylene is depressed and she decides to smoke some marijuana. If Kylene is typical of most marijuana users then she will

Feel even more depressed after smoking

The reward center in the brain is

Typically involves activation of the neurotransmitter dopamine

LSD, PCP, and marijuana are considered to be what form of psychoactive substance?

Hallucinogen

Such drugs as alcohol and barbiturates belong to the class

Depressants

The action of which neurotransmitter is thought to be affected by ecstasy use?

Serotonin

Agonists generally ____ activity at the synapse, while antagonists generally _____ activity at the synapse

Increase; Decreases

A friend recently began taking a new medication and has since become extremely agitated, while at the same time having little appetite or interest in sex. You might suspect that the medication contains

Amphetamines

Addictive drugs differ from ordinary medication because they

Generate dependency and withdrawal symptoms

Cocaine appears to produce its pleasurable effects by acting on the brain's level of

Dopamine

The most commonly used depressant is

Alcohol

Morphine and heroin are examples of

Narcotics

Stimulants are drugs that

Have an arousal effect on the central nervous system, causing a rise in heart rate, blood pressure, and muscular tension