Cell parts

What does the nucleus do?

Controls the cell and stores DNA (genetic material).

What is the function of mitochondria?

Site of aerobic respiration; releases energy.

What is the function of ribosomes?

Site of protein synthesis.

What does the cytoplasm do?

Jelly-like fluid where chemical reactions occur.

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Controls what enters and exits the cell; partially permeable.

What does the cell wall do (plant cells only)?

Provides structure and support; made of cellulose.

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Site of photosynthesis; contains chlorophyll.

What do vacuoles do?

Store cell sap; helps maintain cell structure (in plants).

What is diffusion?

The movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration.

What is osmosis?

The diffusion of water through a partially permeable membrane from high to low water concentration.

What is active transport?

Movement of particles from low to high concentration using energy (ATP).

Why is active transport important in root hair cells?

It allows absorption of minerals from the soil against the concentration gradient.

How is a root hair cell adapted?

Long extension for a large surface area; thin wall for absorption; many mitochondria for active transport.

How is a red blood cell adapted?

No nucleus (more space for hemoglobin); biconcave shape for a larger surface area.

How is a nerve cell adapted?

Long axon to carry impulses over distances; insulated with myelin.

What is the difference between light and electron microscopes?

Electron microscopes have higher resolution and magnification than light microscopes.

What is magnification?

How much bigger the image is than the actual object.

What is the formula for magnification?

Magnification = Image size ÷ Actual size.