Anatomy of the brain

gyrus

outward fold

sulcus

shallow groove

cerebral cortex

superfical gray matter of the cerebrum

cerebral gray matter

contains tracts of white matter

cerebral hemispheres

right and left sides of cerbrum

longitudinal fissure

deep groove between occipital lobe and cerebellum

transverse fissure

deep groove between occipital lobe and cerebellum

central sulcus

separates temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes

lateral Sulcus

separates temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobe

cranial nerve

a. olfactor bulb

b. olfactory tract

cranial nerve 2

a.optic chiasm

Frontal lobe

controls higher psychic function,personality,planning,concentration, and voluntary movement

Precentral Gyrus

primary motor cortex

parietal lobe

general sensory area (postcentral gyrus): perceives all sensations coming up from the sensory tracts of the spinal cord

postcentral gyrus

primary sensory cortex

occipital lobe

perception of vision

temporal lobe

perception of hearing,auditory cortex,taste and smell

Corpus Callosum

a. Forms roof of lateral venticle

b. contains neuron which connect the right and left hemispheres

Fornix

located on the bottom of corpus callosum

forms the floor of the lateral ventricle

connects structures of the eomtional brain

septum pellucidum

separates the two lateral ventricles

thalamus

relay station: sends signals from the body (expect smell) to the appropriate parts of the cerebrum for interpretation

Hypothalamus

controls the relay of sensory information up to the cerebrum, body temperature, hunger, thurst, autonomic nervous system, and the endocrine system

Epithalamus

a.choroid plexus: capillary beds which form CSF

pineal gland:

just above the mesencephalon (midbrain)

produces melatonin

brainstem

controls basic functions: breathing,heartbeat, blood vessel diameter, coughing, sneezing, and vomiting

midbrain(mensencephalon)

corpora quadrigemina

A. superior colliculus: controls visual reflexes

B. inferior colliculus:controls auditory reflexes

pons

looks like a walnut

contains resiratory centers

medulla oblongata

lowest portion,continuous with the spinal cord

cerebellum

controls coordination of muscles, muscle tone, balance, posture,and equilibrium

Anatomy

a. right and left cerebellar hemispheres

b. vermis

c. cerebellar cortex: gray matter

d. arbor vitae:white matter

right and left lateral ventricles

horseshoe shaped ventricles in each cerebral hemispheres

Septum pellucidum:

thin membrane between the lateral ventricles

Third Ventricle

A slit like ventricle separating the right ad left thalamus

interthalamic adhesion passes through the third ventricle

cerebral aqueduct

located behind the brainstem

connects the 3rd ventricle with the 4th ventricle

4th ventricle

Triangular in shaped

located between the cerebellum and the brainstem

CNI Olfactory Nerve

Sensory:smell

CNII optic nerve

Sensory: Vison

CNIII oculomotor nerve

Motor:eye movement

Parasympathetic: pupil diameter and adjustment of lens

CN IV Trochlear nerve

Motor:eye movement

CN V

Motor: Masseter,temporalis,and 2 pterygoids

sensory: entire face,nasal cavity, and oral cavity

cinical:Trigeminal neuralgia

CN VI Abducens Nerve

Motor: eye movement

CN VII facial nerve

motor:all muscle of facial expression

special sensory: taste anterior 2/3 of tongue

Parasympathetic:All glands of face expect parotid

CN VIII Vestibulochochlear nerve

Sensory: balance and hearing

CN IX Glossopharyngeal nerve

Sensor; posterior thorat

motor: muscles of swallowing

special sensory: Taste posterior 1/3 of tongue

Parasympathetic:parotid Gland

CN X Vagus Nerve

Sensory:posterior thorat

motor:muscles of swallowing and larynx

parasympathetic: thoracic and abdomincal organs

CN XI Spinal Acessoy Nerve

Motor:Trapezius and SCM

CN XII Hypoglossal Nerve

Motor:tongue Muscles

Fibrous Tunic (sclera)

appears white

tough tissue

supports the eyeball

cornea

transparent

allows light to enter the eye

Chorioid

thin tissue that contains blood vessels

heavily pigment with melancytes (to prevent light from being reflected back out of the eye

iris

responsible for the eye color and control of the pupil

ciliary body

smooth muscle that surrounds the lens

suspensory ligaments connects ciliary body lens

neural tunic

contains: neurons and photoreceptor cells rods and cones

optic disc

represents the location of the optic nerve in the back of the eye

referred to as the blind spot

has no rods/cones

anterior cavity

located in front of the lens

a. contains aqueous fluid (water)

anterior chambers

anterior to lens

posterior chamber

posterior to lens

posterior cavity

located in lens

contains vitreous humor: jelly like helps to hold retina up aganist the choroid

petrous portion of the temporal bone

contain the middle and inner ear structures

external ear

auricle: consists of the helix and earlobe

external auditory meatus

Ceruminous glands:

produce earwax for protection

prevents dust and debris from entering the middle ear

tympanic membrane:

separates external ear from middle ear

middle ear

inside the petrous portion of the temporal bone

auditory ossicles

consists of the:

Malleus:hammer

incus:anvil

stpes:stirrup

auditory pharyngotympanic

eustachian tube

tube connecting middle ear to pharynx

vestibule

central area of the inner ear

contain receptors which detect changes in linear movement

semicircular canals:

three tubes anterior, lateral, and posterior, connected to vestibule

contains receptors which detect changes in angular acceleration and deceleration

cohlea

snail shaped coil of tubes

contains the spiral organs (organ of corti) which are receptors for hearing