Chemistry - Carbon and its Compounds

What is carbon’s atomic number?

6.

Why is it not possible for carbon to lose or gain 4 electrons?

Carbon has a valency of 4 electrons, however, if it gains four electrons, it will be difficult for 6 protons to hold 10 electrons, and it also cannot lose 4 electrons because it requires a lot of energy.

Define ‘reactivity of elements’.

The reactivity of elements is their tendency to have a completely filled outer shell.

What is a particular term used to describe the tendency of an element to have a completely filled outer shell?

Noble Gas Configuration

Define ‘catenation’.

The unique ability of an atom to form bonds with other atoms.

What are saturated and unsaturated compounds?

Saturated compounds contain only single bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated compounds contain one or more double or triple bonds.

Bonds formed by carbon atoms are exceptionally stable. Why is that so?

There are 2 reasons:
1. Because of the relatively small size of the carbon atom.
2. Because carbon has four valence electrons, allowing it to form strong covalent bonds with other atoms.

Define ‘Alkanes’, ‘Alkenes’ and ‘Alkynes’.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons containing only single bonds, alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond, and alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one triple bond between carbon atoms.

Define ‘Straight Chain’ and ‘Branched Chain’.

Straight chain hydrocarbons have carbon atoms connected in a continuous linear sequence, while branched chain hydrocarbons contain carbon atoms that are connected to the main chain through side chains.

Define ‘Cyclic Hydrocarbon’.

Cyclic hydrocarbons are compounds in which carbon atoms are connected to form a closed loop or ring structure, which can be either saturated or unsaturated.

What is formed when a Halogen (take Bromine) is bonded with Propane?

Bromopropane.

When I am bonded with propane, I form Propanol. What am I?

Alcohol (OH).

What are the two atoms or elements and the type of bonds formed with propane to form propanoic acid?

If it includes a double bond of Carbon-Oxygen and a C-OH single bond

When Ethanol (CH₃CH₂COH) is oxidized, What does it form and which compounds assist in the oxidation process?

Ethanoic Acid (Acetic Acid, CH₃COOH) and involves agents like potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) or potassium dichromate. (K₂Cr₄O₇).

What is the alternate name for Ethanoic Acid?

Acetic Acid.