SON 110 Module One Test

depth

what determines how much tissue is displayed?

overall gain

what brightens the entire image?

TGC

what balances brightness at selected depths?

focus

what places the narrowest beam near the target?

MHz

what trades penetration for detail or the opposite?

sagittal

what plane divides right and left?

coronal

what plane divides anterior and posterior?

transverse

what plane divides superior and inferior?

medial

toward the midline

lateral

away from the midline

proximal

nearer the origin

distal

farther from the origin

criminal law

what kind of law addresses offenses against society (fraud, abuse, intentional harm)?

civil or tort law

what kind of law covers disputes between individuals and includes negligence, malpractice, assault, battery?

administrative law

what is the law where regulations may be set by state law, federal law, accreditation standards, employee policy and professional standards?

malfeasance

Wrongdoing or intentional misconduct. A healthcare provider performs an action they should never have done.

Misfeasance

Improper performance of a lawful act. The action is allowed, but it was done incorrectly or carelessly

Nonfeasance

Failure to act when there is a duty to act. A provider should have done something but didn’t.

standard of care

The level and type of care that a reasonably competent, similarly trained professional would provide under similar circumstances.

malpractice

Failure to meet the professional standard of care, resulting in patient injury.

patient consent

Reinforce patient autonomy and legal requirements before procedures.

implied consent

inferred from a competent patient’s actions

autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, veracity, confidentiality

what are the core ethical principles?

health insurance portability and accountability act

what is HIPPA? (1996)

patient health information

what does PHI stand for?

access, request corrections, request an accounting

what are the patient rights under HIPPA?

right lateral decubitus

what is it called when a patient is told to lay on their right side?

left lateral decubitus

what is it called when a patient is told to lay on their left side?

trendelenburg

what is it called when a patient is sloped in supine?

fowler’s

what is it called when a patient is upright in a seated position?

sliding

what is it called when you move the probe along the surface of the skin?

rocking

what is it called when you’re radially angling the probe along the longitudinal axis?

angling

what is it called when you’re sweeping perpendicular to its axis side to side?

less than 2 Hz

what is the range for infrasound?

2-20,000 Hz

what is the range for audible sound?

greater than 20,000 Hz

what is the range for ultrasound?

2-15 MHz

what is the range for diagnostic ultrasound?

clinical findings

what is used to form a basis for the exam?

pulse-echo technique

what is it called when pulse strikes an object within the body and returns it to the transducer?

hippocratic oath

guidelines for standards and conduct between provider and patient

international classification of diseases tenth edition

what is the system of diagnostic codes for classifying diseases?

alara

what is it called when you are supposed to keep patient exposure “as low as reasonably achievable”?

ct scan

what type of exam uses a contrast agent, barium, iodine?

nuclear medicine

what is the term for radioactive material for diagnosis and treatment of diseases?

pet scan

combines nuclear medicine and a CT scan

mri

what type of scan is sectional images of the body using a magnetic field, radio waves, and computer?

robert boyles

who helped with the research of coupling gel?

spallanzani

who is the father of ultrasound?

piezoelectric effect

what is the effect where the crystal or element in the transducer generates electricity and changes shape with applied pressure?

b mode

what is it called when it’s in brightness mode and the ultrasound signal as a dot varying in brightness based on strength

a-mode

depth of returning echo is on x-axis and the amplitude is a long the y

anechoic

what is it called when a dot appears black on the screen

hypoechoic

what is it called when the dot appears grey on the screen?

hyperechoic

what is it called when the dot is very white on the screen?

m mode

depth on y axis and time along x. along a single scan line? What line?

power doppler

info about amplitude of returning signals only

convex

whats another word for the curved probe?

ipsilateral

what is the term for when something is on the same side?

contralateral

what is the term for when two things are on the opposite side?

tact

what does it mean to be aware and considerate of others’ feelings?

the ASE

sonographers should have flexibility. enthusiasm, and confidence. What is this called?

servantship

to have compassion, empathy, and altruism

clinical correlation ambiguity

what does it mean to lack the ability to obtain a thorough clinical history and relate the info with the sonographic findings of the exam

commission on accreditation of allied health education programs

national accreditation is granted through the _____

autonomy

to make decisions

beneficence

to do good

veracity

to have honesty

healthcare directives

a living will, durable power of attorney for healthcare, or healthcare advance directive

near, closest

the top of every ultrasound image represents the ____ field and structures ____ to the transducer

far, farthest

the bottom of every ultrasound image represents the _____ field and structures ______ from the transducer

left

the transducer marker corresponds to the _____ side of the ultrasound screen.

right

in standard transverse orientation, the transducer marker points towards the patients _____ side

head

in standard sagittal/longitudinal orientation, the transducer marker points toward the patient’s _____

recognize, relate, reason, respond, refine

what are the five r’s?