Psych 255-Lecture 4

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28 Terms

1
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What are the components of the forebrain?

  • cerebral cortex

  • basal ganglia

  • limbic system

2
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What are the two types of cortex?

  • neocortex

  • allocortex

3
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What are the two components of the neocortex?

  • motor cortex

  • sensory cortex

4
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what are the three components of basal ganglia?

  • putamen

  • gaudate nucleus

  • globus pallidus

5
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What is the function of the cerebral cortex?

Regulates a host of mental activities ranging from perception to planning to emotions and memory

6
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What did Korbidian Brodmann do?

he created a numbering system based on cell types to map the neocortex based on the organization, structure, and distribution of the cells

7
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Describe layers 1-3 of the neocortex

  • the parts of the cortex with interneurons and integrative functions

  • they receive information and then integrate it into unified stimuli

  • share information and communicate with each other then give information to white tracts

8
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Describe layer 4 of the neocortex’s motor region

the sensory layer, afferent

  • where input is coming into a certain region of the brain and then relayed to the spine

9
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Describe layer 5 of the neocortex’s motor cortex

efferent, motor region

  • larger area of the brain with more cell density

10
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What is the allocortex?

plays a role in controlling motivational and emotional states as well as certain forms of memory

  • the older cortex

11
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What is the function of the hippocampus?

Involved in consolidation: the process whereby short-term memories are solidified into long-term memories 

12
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What occurs if the hippocampus is destroyed?

Destruction of the hippocampus leads to problems with navigation, finding our way around, as well as difficulties with word finding

13
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What is the function of the amygdala?

  • emotional regulation

  • regulates fear and anxiety

14
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What are cingulate cortex?

the deep fissures within the allocortex and lies above the corpus callosum

15
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What is the function of the cingulate cortex?

Involved with emotion formation and processing, learning, and linking behavioral outcomes to motivation

16
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What is the basal ganglia?

A collection of nuclei that lie in the forebrain just below the white matter of the cortex

17
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What is the function of the basal ganglia?

Control voluntary movements and also play a role in cognitive functioning 

18
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What is the limbic system?

A network that works to regulate emotions

19
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The SNS is monitored and controlled by the _____

CNS

20
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What is meant by “the SNS is bilateral”?

Refers to the fact that the spinal nerves and the cranial nerves on the right side control the left side of the body, and the spinal nerves and cranial nerves on the left side control the right side of the body

21
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There are ____ sets of cranial nerves

12

22
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What is the function of the cranial nerves?

Responsible for sensation and motor ability from the shoulders up (vagus nerve is the exception)

23
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What are the 12 cranial nerves and their functions?

  • olfactory- smell (sensory)

  • optic- vision (sensory)

  • oculomotor- eye movements (motor)

  • trochlear- eye movement (motor)

  • trigeminal- masticatory movements and facial expressions (both)

  • abducens- eye movement (motor)

  • facial- facial movement and sensations (both)

  • vestibulocochlear- hearing and balance (sensory)

  • glossopharyngeal- tongue and pharynx movement and sensation (both)

  • vagus- heart, blood vessels, viscera movement of larynx and pharynx (both

  • spinal accessory- neck movement (motor)

  • hypoglossal- tongue movement (motor)

24
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What is the function of the spinal nerves?

Responsible for sensation and motor function from the shoulders down

25
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What are the divisions of the spinal nerves?

  • cervical

  • lumbar

  • thoracic

  • sacral

  • coccygeal

26
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What is the Law of Bell and Magendie?

the ventral (anterior) spinal roots transmit motor (efferent) impulses and the dorsal (posterior) roots transmit sensory (afferent) impulse

27
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What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system?

Arouses the body for action and mediates the fight of flight response

28
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What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Prepares the body to rest and digest, reverses the fight or flight response