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What are the components of the forebrain?
cerebral cortex
basal ganglia
limbic system
What are the two types of cortex?
neocortex
allocortex
What are the two components of the neocortex?
motor cortex
sensory cortex
what are the three components of basal ganglia?
putamen
gaudate nucleus
globus pallidus
What is the function of the cerebral cortex?
Regulates a host of mental activities ranging from perception to planning to emotions and memory
What did Korbidian Brodmann do?
he created a numbering system based on cell types to map the neocortex based on the organization, structure, and distribution of the cells
Describe layers 1-3 of the neocortex
the parts of the cortex with interneurons and integrative functions
they receive information and then integrate it into unified stimuli
share information and communicate with each other then give information to white tracts
Describe layer 4 of the neocortex’s motor region
the sensory layer, afferent
where input is coming into a certain region of the brain and then relayed to the spine
Describe layer 5 of the neocortex’s motor cortex
efferent, motor region
larger area of the brain with more cell density
What is the allocortex?
plays a role in controlling motivational and emotional states as well as certain forms of memory
the older cortex
What is the function of the hippocampus?
Involved in consolidation: the process whereby short-term memories are solidified into long-term memories
What occurs if the hippocampus is destroyed?
Destruction of the hippocampus leads to problems with navigation, finding our way around, as well as difficulties with word finding
What is the function of the amygdala?
emotional regulation
regulates fear and anxiety
What are cingulate cortex?
the deep fissures within the allocortex and lies above the corpus callosum
What is the function of the cingulate cortex?
Involved with emotion formation and processing, learning, and linking behavioral outcomes to motivation
What is the basal ganglia?
A collection of nuclei that lie in the forebrain just below the white matter of the cortex
What is the function of the basal ganglia?
Control voluntary movements and also play a role in cognitive functioning
What is the limbic system?
A network that works to regulate emotions
The SNS is monitored and controlled by the _____
CNS
What is meant by “the SNS is bilateral”?
Refers to the fact that the spinal nerves and the cranial nerves on the right side control the left side of the body, and the spinal nerves and cranial nerves on the left side control the right side of the body
There are ____ sets of cranial nerves
12
What is the function of the cranial nerves?
Responsible for sensation and motor ability from the shoulders up (vagus nerve is the exception)
What are the 12 cranial nerves and their functions?
olfactory- smell (sensory)
optic- vision (sensory)
oculomotor- eye movements (motor)
trochlear- eye movement (motor)
trigeminal- masticatory movements and facial expressions (both)
abducens- eye movement (motor)
facial- facial movement and sensations (both)
vestibulocochlear- hearing and balance (sensory)
glossopharyngeal- tongue and pharynx movement and sensation (both)
vagus- heart, blood vessels, viscera movement of larynx and pharynx (both
spinal accessory- neck movement (motor)
hypoglossal- tongue movement (motor)
What is the function of the spinal nerves?
Responsible for sensation and motor function from the shoulders down
What are the divisions of the spinal nerves?
cervical
lumbar
thoracic
sacral
coccygeal
What is the Law of Bell and Magendie?
the ventral (anterior) spinal roots transmit motor (efferent) impulses and the dorsal (posterior) roots transmit sensory (afferent) impulse
What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system?
Arouses the body for action and mediates the fight of flight response
What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Prepares the body to rest and digest, reverses the fight or flight response