Psych 255-Lecture 4

What are the components of the forebrain?

• cerebral cortex

• basal ganglia

• limbic system

What are the two types of cortex?

• neocortex

• allocortex

What are the two components of the neocortex?

• motor cortex

• sensory cortex

what are the three components of basal ganglia?

• putamen

• gaudate nucleus

• globus pallidus

What is the function of the cerebral cortex?

Regulates a host of mental activities ranging from perception to planning to emotions and memory

What did Korbidian Brodmann do?

he created a numbering system based on cell types to map the neocortex based on the organization, structure, and distribution of the cells

Describe layers 1-3 of the neocortex

• the parts of the cortex with interneurons and integrative functions

• they receive information and then integrate it into unified stimuli

• share information and communicate with each other then give information to white tracts

Describe layer 4 of the neocortex’s motor region

the sensory layer, afferent

• where input is coming into a certain region of the brain and then relayed to the spine

Describe layer 5 of the neocortex’s motor cortex

efferent, motor region

• larger area of the brain with more cell density

What is the allocortex?

plays a role in controlling motivational and emotional states as well as certain forms of memory

• the older cortex

What is the function of the hippocampus?

Involved in consolidation: the process whereby short-term memories are solidified into long-term memories 

What occurs if the hippocampus is destroyed?

Destruction of the hippocampus leads to problems with navigation, finding our way around, as well as difficulties with word finding

What is the function of the amygdala?

• emotional regulation

• regulates fear and anxiety

What are cingulate cortex?

the deep fissures within the allocortex and lies above the corpus callosum

What is the function of the cingulate cortex?

Involved with emotion formation and processing, learning, and linking behavioral outcomes to motivation

What is the basal ganglia?

A collection of nuclei that lie in the forebrain just below the white matter of the cortex

What is the function of the basal ganglia?

Control voluntary movements and also play a role in cognitive functioning 

What is the limbic system?

A network that works to regulate emotions

The SNS is monitored and controlled by the _____

CNS

What is meant by “the SNS is bilateral”?

Refers to the fact that the spinal nerves and the cranial nerves on the right side control the left side of the body, and the spinal nerves and cranial nerves on the left side control the right side of the body

There are ____ sets of cranial nerves

12

What is the function of the cranial nerves?

Responsible for sensation and motor ability from the shoulders up (vagus nerve is the exception)

What are the 12 cranial nerves and their functions?

• olfactory- smell (sensory)

• optic- vision (sensory)

• oculomotor- eye movements (motor)

• trochlear- eye movement (motor)

• trigeminal- masticatory movements and facial expressions (both)

• abducens- eye movement (motor)

• facial- facial movement and sensations (both)

• vestibulocochlear- hearing and balance (sensory)

• glossopharyngeal- tongue and pharynx movement and sensation (both)

• vagus- heart, blood vessels, viscera movement of larynx and pharynx (both

• spinal accessory- neck movement (motor)

• hypoglossal- tongue movement (motor)

What is the function of the spinal nerves?

Responsible for sensation and motor function from the shoulders down

What are the divisions of the spinal nerves?

• cervical

• lumbar

• thoracic

• sacral

• coccygeal

What is the Law of Bell and Magendie?

the ventral (anterior) spinal roots transmit motor (efferent) impulses and the dorsal (posterior) roots transmit sensory (afferent) impulse

What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system?

Arouses the body for action and mediates the fight of flight response

What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Prepares the body to rest and digest, reverses the fight or flight response