Male and Female Pelvis (copy)

What organs are in the true pelvis?

bladder, distal ureters, bowel, female reproductive organs

What is the linea terminalis?

the border between the true and false pelvis. true pelvis

What muscles make up the false pelvis?

Posas major and the iliacus

Where does the psoas major originate?

lateral spine, distal thoracic and first 4 lumbar vertebrae

Where does the iliacus muscle originate?

superior iliac fossa and iliac crest

What is the iliopsoas?

distal posas combines with iliacus

Where does the iliopsoas attach?

lesser trochanter of femur

What is the lateral landmark of the true pelvis?

the iliopsoas

What muscle may be seen in a sonographic image at the lateral borders of the bladder?

the iliopsoas

What is the origin of the piriformis?

anterior surface of sacrum

What is the insertion of the piriformis?

greater trochanter of femur

Where is the piriformis?

posterior to uterus, ovaries, vagina, and rectum

What muscle might be mistaken for ovaries on an ultrasound?

the piriformis

What is the largest nerve in the body?

the sciatic nerve

Where does the sciatic nerve originate?

lower lumbar and upper sacral nerves

Where does the sciatic nerve run?

most commonly under the piriformis, but it varies per patient

Where does the obturator internus originate?

the anterior lateral margins of true pelvis

Where does the obturator internus insert?

greater trochanter of femur

Where does the obturator internus lie?

posterior and medial to the iliopsoas muscle at the vaginal level

What muscles make up the levator ani?

• Puborectalis

• iliococcygeus

• pubococcygeus

What is the function of the levator ani?

form the pelvic foor, supports and positions pelvic organs

testicle

egg shaped organ within scrotum, produces sperm and male hormones

epididymis

duct posterior to testicle that transports sperm to vas deferens

EJ duct

formed where the vas deferens meets seminal vesicle, pass through prostate and open to urethra

seminal vesicles

paired glands at posterior to bladder and superior to prostate

prostate

gland surrounding neck of urinary bladder and male urethra

bulbourtheal gland

pea shaped glands inferior to prostate and just proximal to penile tissue

corpus cavernosum

two masses of erectile tissue (anterior) forming most of the penis

corpus spongiosum

single smaller mass of erectile tissue surrounding urethra (posterior)

In a transverse transabdominal bladder and prostate image, where are the organs located?

bladder: anterior

prostate: posterior

In a sagittal transabdominal bladder and prostate image, where are the organs located?

prostate is seen posterior and inferior to bladder

What is the broad ligament?

double fold of peritoneum covering the fallopian tubes, ovaries, uterus, & blood vessels

Where does the broad ligament attach?

extends from lateral walls of uterus to sidewalls of pelvis

What is the cardinal ligament?

thickening at base of the broad ligament

Where does the cardinal ligament attach?

lateral cervix and vagina to pelvic wall

Where does the ovarian ligament attach?

extends from cornua to medial aspect of ovary

Where does the round ligament attach?

arises from the cornua anterior to fallopian tubes and extends to pelvic sidewalls

Where does the suspensory/infundibulopelvic ligament attach?

extends from lateral ovary to pelvic sidewall

Internal iliac arteries

branch of the common iliac

posterior to uterus and ovaries

uterine arteries

branch of internal iliac arteries, supplies vagina, uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, and ovaries

arcuate arteries

branch of uterine arteries

prominent vessels in outer 1/3 of myometriumi

ovarian arteries

branch off aorta just inferior to the renal arteries

supply ovaries

Where does the right ovarian vein empty into?

The IVC

Where does the left ovarian vein empty into?

left renal vein

What are the spaces in the female pelvis?

retrouterine

anterior cul de sac

space of retzius

What is the retrouterine pouch?

anterior to rectum and posterior to uterus

What is the most inferior space in the female pelvic cavity?

retrouterine pouch

What are the other names for the retrouterine pouch?

pouch of Douglas

posterior cul de sac

Which pelvic space is the most likely to accumulate fluid?

retrouterine

Where is the anterior cul de sac?

anterior to uterus and posterior to bladder

What is the other name for the anterior cul de sac?

the vesicouterine pouch

Where is the Space of Retzius?

anterior to bladder and posterior to symphysis pubis

What are the other names for the Space of Retzius?

retropubic space

prevesical space

iliac crest

pubic symphysis

sacrum

iliac crest

false pelvis

true pelvis

pubic symphysis

linea terminalis

sacral promontory

psoas major

iliacus

psoas

iliacus

iliopsoas

piriformis

sciatic nerve

obturator internus

piriformis

levator ani

puborectalis

pubococcygeus

iliococcygeus

puborectalis

pubococcygeus

iliococcygeus

vas deferens

symphysis pubis

bladder

urethra

corpus cavernosum

corpus spongiosum

testis

scrotum

epididymis

bulbourtheal gland

prostate

rectum

EJ duct

seminal vesicle

sacrum

fundus

uterus (body)

myometrium

endometrium

internal os

external os

vagina