Motor Control Theories: Motor Programming and Systems Theories

Vocabulary flashcards covering Motor Programming Theories, Central Pattern Generators, Systems Theory, levels of motor control, limitations, and physical therapy applications based on lecture notes.

Motor Programming Theories

Theories proposing that motor programs can be activated by either a sensory stimulus or central processes, utilizing generalized motor programs stored in the brain or spinal cord to produce movement without requiring a stimulus every time.

Central Pattern Generators (CPGs)

Neural networks located in the spinal cord that produce rhythmic movements.

Limitations of Motor Programming Theories

These theories place less emphasis on sensory input and movement context, and do not fully account for fatigue, variability, or environmental factors.

Physical Therapy Applications of Motor Programming Theories

Focusing on task-based movement retraining and functional, adaptable movements rather than just isolated muscle activation, while utilizing movement variability to promote neuroplasticity.

Systems Theory

A theory stating that the control of integrated movement is distributed throughout many interacting systems working together, requiring the whole system to interact across multiple levels of control.

1st Level of Control (Systems Theory)

Located in the spinal cord, responsible for phasic and tonic reflexes.

2nd Level of Control (Systems Theory)

Located in the middle brain, responsible for muscle synergies and coordinating muscles.

3rd Level of Control (Systems Theory)

Located in the cortex, responsible for intentionality to move.

4th Level of Control (Systems Theory)

Located in the cortex and basal ganglia, responsible for movement planning.

Limitations of Systems Theory

It downplays the exclusive role of the nervous system by increasing the emphasis on mechanical properties and environmental factors.

Physical Therapy Applications of Systems Theory

Recognizing that movement comes from multiple interacting systems, requiring interventions to involve variable contexts and complex movements.